长江游轮大型分段吊装数值分析及应用

Numerical Analysis and Application of Large Section Hoisting of Yangtze River Cruise Ship

针对内河船舶建造工序中吊装方案依赖现场经验,而缺少理论数据支撑的问题,提出了总段吊装加固和子分段吊装加固两种不同的吊装实施方案,并根据实际建造数据,利用有限元软件建立大型船舶上层建筑分段模型,利用力学相关理论确定吊装过程的载荷分布特点和相关安全要求,并对不同方案下的吊装过程进行模拟计算。模拟计算结果表明:总段吊装方案虽然可以节省吊装时间,但对分段结构强度要求高,对建造现场吊装工具要求高,安全隐患较大;子分段吊装方案虽然需要多次吊装,但对现场吊装工具要求较低,吊装方案更为灵活,更适用于现阶段内河船舶建造方需求;建造实例反馈也证实了,采用子分段吊装方案可以更好地消除吊装过程中的安全隐患,对提高施工质量也有着一定的优势。

In view of the problem that the hoisting scheme in the construction process of inland ships depends on field experience and lacks of theoretical data support, two different hoisting implementation schemes of total hoisting reinforcement and sub section hoisting reinforcement were proposed. According to the actual construction data, the subsection model of ship large superstructure was established by using the finite element software, and the load distribution characteristics and relevant safety requirements during hoisting were determined by using mechanical theory and referring to relevant literature. Finally, the hoisting process under different schemes was simulated and calculated. The simulation results show that although the total section hoisting scheme can save hoisting time, it has higher requirements for the strength of section structure, higher requirements for hoisting tools on the construction site and greater potential safety hazards. Although the sub segment hoisting scheme requires multiple hoisting, it has lower requirements for on-site hoisting tools, and the hoisting scheme is more flexible and more suitable for the needs of inland ship builders at this stage. Construction example feedback also confirms that the use of sub segment hoisting scheme can greatly eliminate the safety hazards in the hoisting process and has certain advantages in improving the construction quality.