《民法典》时代体育协会法人治理的现实困境与疏解策略

Realistic Dilemma and Relief Strategy of the Corporate Governance of Sports Industry Associations in the Era of The Civil Code

基于《民法典》中非营利法人的规范文本,对体育行业协会法人治理的学理内涵做出推演。借助“场域”结构框架分析体育行业协会法人治理问题。“组织域”维度,体育行业协会内部章程及制度不够完善、内部治理结构不健全、法人治理机制功能失调、“会企关系”有待完善。疏解策略包括加强体育行业协会规章制度建设,推进制度资源积累的良性发展;健全治理结构,完善组织机构;遵循会员服务逻辑,提升“会企关系”。“社会域”维度,体育行业协会自治与政府干预边界不清、体育行业法律资源稀缺、体育市场监管体系标准化与规范化程度不够。疏解策略包括政府应强化对改革的顶层设计,在切实为协会赋权的基础上,进一步明确政府监管边界,完善政府对协会的年检与评估机制;强化法律制度供给,完善体育行业立法,将体育行业立法与体育市场治理现状有效衔接,切实赋予协会在体育行业自治领域的立法权、执法权与监管权;发挥体育行业协会的自律功能,借助技术赋能,完善体育行业监管机制的标准化和规范化体系建设,提升体育行业协会的市场监管和服务能力。

Based on the normative text of non-profit legal persons in the Civil Code,the theoretical connotation of the corporate governance of sports industry associations is deduced.We analyzed the issue of corporate governance of sports industry associations with the help of the“field”structure framework.In the dimension of“organizational domain”,the internal charter and system of the sports industry association are not perfect,the internal governance structure is not perfect,the corporate governance mechanism is dysfunctional,and the“consortium-enterprise relationship”needs to be improved.The mitigation strate⁃gy includes strengthening the construction of the rules and regulations of the sports industry association,promoting the sound development of the accumula⁃tion of institutional resources;improving the governance structure,improving the organizational structure;following the membership service logic,and improv⁃ing the“relationship between associations and enterprises”.In the“social domain”dimension,the boundaries between the autonomy of sports industry associa⁃tions and government intervention are unclear,the legal resources of the sports industry are scarce,and the degree of standardization and standardization of the sports market supervision system is insufficient.The mitigation strategy includes that the government should strengthen the top-level design of the re⁃form,further clarify the government supervision boundary on the basis of effectively empowering the association,real dilemma improve the government's an⁃nual inspection and evaluation mechanism for the association;strengthen the legal system supply,improve the sports industry legislation,and improve the sports industry.The industry legislation is effectively connected with the current situation of sports market governance,and the association is effectively en⁃dowed with legislative power,law enforcement power and supervision power in the field of sports industry autonomy;the self-discipline function of the sports industry association is played,with the help of technological empowerment,to improve the standardization and standardization of the sports industry supervi⁃sion mechanism system construction to enhance the market supervision and service capabilities of sports industry associations.