在权力和知识之间:中国古代大学教育的萌芽与制度化发展

Between Power and Knowledge:The Germination and Institutionalized Development of University Education in Ancient China

中国大学教育的历史源远流长。要想深入理解中国近现代大学制度的精神特质与复杂成因,首先就需要我们对中国古代大学制度的产生和发展有一个全面、系统的认识和了解。中国古代大学教育的萌芽与制度化发展始终摇摆在权力和知识之间,贯穿着三条主线:一是大学教育机构的官学与私学之此消彼兴;二是以儒学知识为主线辅以百家争鸣的知识发展,以及中国知识发展的特点给中国大学教育制度所带来的影响;三是科举制度的影响。知识与权力的互动决定了中国古代大学制度的产生与变迁,共同形塑了中国古代的大学制度,并深深地融入在中国文化之中,外显化为中国的制度环境,对中国大学制度的发展产生着巨大而深远的影响。

University education in China has a long history.To deeply understand the spiritual characteristics and complex causes of modern Chinese university system,it is necessary to have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the emergence and development of the ancient Chinese university system.The germination and institutional development of ancient Chinese university education has always swayed between power and knowledge,running through the following three main lines.First is the elimination of official and private education in university educational institutions;second,the influences of the knowledge development with Confucianism as the main line supplemented by hundreds of schools of thought,and the development characteristics of Chinese knowledge on the Chinese university education system;third,the influences of the imperial examination system.The interaction between knowledge and power determined the emergence and change of the ancient Chinese university system,which have jointly shaped the ancient Chinese university system and are integrated deeply into Chinese culture.They are manifested explicitly in the institutional environment of China and have great and far-reaching influences on the development of Chinese university system.