细菌对抗菌药物敏感性检测方法研究进展

Advance on methods of detecting bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents

药敏试验(antibiotic susceptibility testing,AST)为兽医提供临床菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性等信息。然而,临床上为快速治疗患病动物,又碍于传统药敏试验的"漫长"的过程,兽医常以经验为导向诊断后直接开具处方,这成为细菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性的重要原因之一。随着耐药性的不断加剧,并危及公共卫生健康,缩短药敏试验的检测时长就显示出越来越重要的意义。现简要介绍稀释法、扩散法、E-test法等传统药敏试验检测方法,着重阐述新兴的快速药敏试验技术的原理、优缺点等,最后进行展望。

Antibiotic susceptibility testing(AST)provides veterinarians with information on the sensitivity of clinical strains to antimicrobial agents.However,in order to treat patients quickly and due to the“long”process of AST,veterinarians often prescribe directly after experience-oriented diagnoses,which has become one of the most important reasons for bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs.As drug resistance grows and endangers public health,shortening the detection time of AST has become more and more important.After a brief introduction of traditional drug sensitivity testing methods such as dilution method,diffusion method,and E-test method,this article focuses on the principles,advantages and disadvantages of the emerging rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing technologies,which is also prospected at last.