海洋牧场生境营造中“三场一通道”理论应用研究

Application analysis of“three fields and one channel”theory in marine ranching habitat construction

针对目前我国现代海洋牧场建设中存在的“增而不殖”问题,在系统分析天然海洋渔场“三场一通道”生境体系的基础上,提出海洋牧场人工生态系统、渔业资源关键功能群及其“三场一通道”生境体系概念内涵,并从海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境系统仿生营造原理、“三场一通道”生境营造方案设计具体步骤、海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境营造布局3个方面分析了海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境营造思路;最后探讨了海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境营造方式,包括人工鱼礁、海藻场、珊瑚礁、海草床、牡蛎礁等功能生境营造。研究以期通过“三场一通道”生境体系的系统营造,实现我国海洋牧场渔业资源繁殖再生与规模补充,提升海洋牧场渔业资源自我繁殖与持续生产能力。

Aimed to solve problems of“fish production increasing but not proliferation”existing in marine ranching construction in China,this paper systematically analyzed“three fields and one channel”habitat system in natural marine fishery field,and put forward that“three fields and one channel”habitat system was an indispensable habitat condition for many marine economic fish life cycle.The“three fields and one channel”habitat system was also basic self-reproduction condition for formation of natural marine fishery field,which was important for many marine economic fish to preserve their population structure and size scale.New conception and connotation of marine ranching artificial ecosystem,key functional groups of fishery resources and habitat of“three fields and one channel”were proposed based on analysis of“three fields and one channel”habitat system in natural marine fishery field.The“three fields and one channel”habitat construction thinking such as system bionic construction combined the specific demands for habitats at different stages of life cycle such as spawning,nursery,foraging,overwintering etc.It applied the characteristic parameters of functional habitats to imitate natural marine ranching to build a“three fields and one channel”habitat system for key functional species of different fisheries in marine ranching.In terms of habitat construction scheme plan and design,underwater videos,automatic observing and submerged sampling were used.The“three fields and one channel”habitat system and marine ranching layout pattern were also discussed,the habitat system bionic construction should be best made in a single marine ranching to assemble the key functional economic species for regulation,management and capture,but it could also be built based on functional habitats of multiple marine ranching.Finally,construction ways of“three fields and one channel”habitat system for marine ranching,including artificial reef,sea weed farm,sea-grass bed,coral reef,oyster reef were disussed.Systematic construction of“three fields and one channel”habitat system can realize reproduction and regeneration of fishery resources in marine ranching,and improve the sustainable production capacity of fishery resources in the marine ranching.