基层治理中的政策“适应性执行”——基于Y区和H镇的案例分析

The Adaptive Implementation of Policy in Local Governance:Case Studies on Y District and H Town

基层政策执行是中国地方治理研究中的重要议题。在新的时代背景下,面对基层治理困境,基层官员采取了政策适应性执行的治理策略,即基于自身公共服务意愿和迫于完成任务的压力,努力寻求政策执行的平衡状态,呈现了中国治理在本土现实中独特而丰富的样态。通过对Y区和H镇等基层官员的深度访谈可以发现,当前在基层政策实施过程中,存在着政策不接地气、政府部门不协同等困境。为了应对这些困境,基层官员采取了"基于公共服务意愿的努力完成+拼凑应对"、"先应对再整改+借力上级督察"等各种积极主动的适应性执行策略。这些适应性执行策略在一定程度上缓解了基层治理的组织困境,促进了基层治理的灵活性和韧性。在国家治理场域中,基层政策适应性执行是一种更为积极主动的执行策略,反映了中国基层治理丰富的表现形式和整体特征。在今后的基层治理中,增强政策适应性执行的稳定性和可持续性是推动一个更有活力的社会和政府建设的重要方面。

The behavior of policy implementation of local officials is an important issue of local governance research in China. In the new era, facing the dilemma of grassroots governance, local officials have adopted the strategy of adaptive policy implementation, that is, based on their own willingness of public services and the pressure to complete the task, to seek a balanced state of policy implementation between "muddling through" and efforts to complete. This reflects the unique and rich state of Chinese governance in local realities. Through the in-depth interviews with officials of Y district and H Town, we can find that there are difficulties in the process of policy implementation, such as the policy is not grounded, the top-down layering of policy, and the government departments are not coordinated and so on. In order to cope with these difficulties, local officials have adopted all kinds of active strategies of adaptive implementation, such as efforts to complete based on "the willingness of public service" and "muddling through", "first response and then rectification" and "reying on superior supervision". To a certain extent, the adaptive strategy of policy implementation alleviates the organizational dilemma of grassroots governance and promotes the institutional agility and resilience of grassroots governance. In the field of national governance, the adaptive policy implementation of grassroots governance is a more active implementation strategy, which reflects the rich manifestations and overall characteristics of China’s grassroots governance. In the future local governance, enhancing the stability and sustainability of policy adaptive implementation is an important aspect to enhance governance resilience and promote a more dynamic society and government construction.