竞合式监管:对中国式监管模式的一种分析——以M市食品小作坊监管为例

Competition and Cooperation Regulation:An Analysis of China-Style Regulatory Model——The Regulation of Small Food Workshops in M City as an Example

监管模式是了解一个国家监管状况的窗口。如何更好地提炼中国监管模式,讲好中国故事,是当前一个值得重视的问题。本文基于监管者独立性视角,从监管关系、政治关系和监管偏好三个维度构建分析框架,选取小作坊监管案例进行分析。研究发现:中国式监管不但存在正式合作和私下合谋,而且存在相互竞争与权力博弈,呈现出"竞合式"特征。竞合式监管包括复杂的对象选择、运作方式和呈现形式,是一种相机灵活的运作模式。竞合式监管模式根植于中国政治制度,是体制约束与实践张力共同作用的结果,体现出鲜明的实践理性。成熟的竞合关系,涉及竞合信息共享、奖惩制度规范和权利义务约束等,中国基层治理需要培育稳定的竞合关系。本研究既拓展了对中国监管状况的认识,也促进了对地方政府在压力型体制下治理逻辑的理解,较好地呈现了"中国式"叙事。

The objective of this paper is to better refine China’s regulatory model,understand China’s regulating and tell China’s story.Based on the perspective of regulator independence,this paper constructs an analysis framework from three dimensions:regulatory relationship,political relationship and regulatory preference,and also introduces an exploratory case study,involving the regulation of small workshops at the central and local levels.The research shows that China-style regulation not only has formal cooperation and private collusion,but also has mutual competition and power game,showing the characteristics of"competition and cooperation".Competition and cooperation regulation includes complex object selection,operation mode and presentation form.It is a flexible operation mode.The competition and cooperation regulation model is rooted in China’s political system.It is the result of the joint action of institutional constraints and practical tension,and reflects the distinct practical rationality.Mature competition and cooperation relations involve competition and cooperation information sharing,reward and punishment system norms and rights and obligations constraints.The theory of competition and cooperation relationship can be applied to grass-roots governance,emphasizing that under the background of fuzzy governance,grass-roots governance should cultivate stable competition and cooperation relationship.This reserach not only expands the understanding of China’s regulating,but also promotes the understanding of the governance logic of local governments under the pressure system,and better presents the China-style narrative.