技术治理的技术:实践、类型及其适配逻辑——基于南京市社区治理的多案例研究

Technology of Technological Governance:Practice,Types and Adaptive Logic——A Multi-Case Study Based on Community Governance in Nanjing

基层治理能力现代化建设是一个社会系统性工程,不仅涉及到治理理念的现代化,更需关注治理技术的现代化。已有研究表明,国家在基层社会的不同场域,通过主动创制技术手段和治理技术,实现了国家政权稳固与经济社会发展。当前,基层社会呈现出新的生产和组织形态,需要我们对新的治理形态及其治理技术进行系统性再思考。为此,我们以南京市多个社区为案例,对其治理过程及技术路线进行田野调查,聚焦于治理"技术"与"场景"的互动、柔性技术与既有刚性结构之间的融洽性及技术与场景之间的适配性等问题。案例研究发现,基层社区作为国家治理的基石,其治理的行为取决于所采用的治理技术,且不同的治理技术在治理主体、任务、资源配置及运行方式等方面呈现出差异化的特征,也影响着社区治理的效果。此外,由于不同类型的治理技术有其特定的关系结构与运作逻辑,因而,治理技术与场景的良性互动需遵循一定的适配逻辑和适配规则。本研究在丰富社区治理既有理论体系的同时,可为我国基层社会治理的技术适配路径提供方向性的指引,也可为提升社区治理的有效性提供理论依据与经验借鉴。

Through the in-depth investigation and study of several typical cases,this paper attempts to answer the question of how grass-roots communities govern and what sort of governance technologies can be used to achieve their governance goals.And then attempts to explore what kind of governance technologies are used in the process of community governance,and what kind of operation logic and generating structure of these technologies shown in the stage of grass-roots governance.Finally,through the classification of governance technology types,we focus on the adaptation of a variety of governance technologies and application scenarios.This study takes the"community"as the research unit and the"governance technology"as the research object.The data and material are collected by using a systematic and extensive manner.Furthermore,a case study is adopted to carry out the exploratory research of this topic.The empirical study found that:(1)As the cornerstone of national governance,the effect of grass-roots community governance depends on the governance technology adopted.Different governance technologies show different characteristics in governance subjects,tasks,resource allocation and operation mode,and also affect the effect of community governance;(2)Different types of governance technologies have different relationship structure and operation logic;(3)The specific governance technology acting on a certain governance field needs to follow certain adaptation logic and adaptation rules.In this paper,there is a lack of verification of large sample survey and comparative study of different urban communities in the country for the research on the classification of governance technology types and their field adaptation.The grass-roots governance in our country has various forms and rich contents.Although this paper tries to be representative and typical in the selection of cases,it inevitably has its particularity,which may affect the universality of the overall conclusion.Therefore,it is necessary to further carry out a number of comparative case studies from multiple angles to further explore the types of governance technologies and the possibility of adapting to the field.This study not only provides a dual analysis perspective for us to explore the types and application scenarios of grass-roots social governance technology,but also provides practical materials and experience for the choice of governance technology and path of grass-roots social governance in the new era.The existing research on community governance mainly focus on the theory,subject and structure of community governance.Though there are a few studies worked on the application of a certain type of technology,such as intelligent technology,etc.,to community governance.however,there is no good response to the fundamental question of how different types of community governance can be effective.In this paper we focus on the core issues of governance technology.It also discusses the generation,structure and operation logic of governance technology for the first time,divides the types of grass-roots governance technology,and discusses the adaptability of governance technology,which will help to enrich the relevant theories of community governance.In practice,it can provide better experience for reference to the effective governance of the community.