车用甲醇裂解催化剂的研究进展

Research progress of methanol cracking catalysts for vehicle

甲醇是一种理想的发动机代用燃料,具有来源广泛、无污染且价格便宜的优点。介绍了甲醇裂解机理及甲醇裂解催化剂研究现状,甲醇裂解催化剂主要分为Cu基催化剂、Ni基催化剂和贵金属催化剂,对比分析了3种催化剂的优缺点,并对车用甲醇裂解催化剂的研究方向进行了展望。铜系催化剂具有较高的低温活性,添加部分助剂如Ni和Zr等可显著提高催化剂的活性,极大地提高低温选择性,且制备成本相较于贵金属催化剂较低,铜系催化剂作为车用甲醇裂解催化剂具有较好的发展前景。

Methanol is an ideal alternative fuel for engine,which has the advantages of wide source,no pollution and low price.The mechanism of methanol cracking and the research status of methanol cracking catalysts are introduced.Methanol cracking catalysts are mainly Cu-based catalysts,Ni-based catalysts and noble metal catalysts.The advantages and disadvantages of the three catalysts are compared and analyzed.The research direction of methanol cracking catalysts for vehicle is prospected.Cu-based catalysts have high lowtemperature activity.Adding some additives such as Ni and Zr can significantly improve the activity of the catalysts and greatly improve the low-temperature selectivity.Compared with noble metal catalysts,the preparation cost of copper based catalysts is lower.Cu-based catalysts have a better development prospect as methanol cracking catalysts for vehicle.