茶园昆虫群落多样性和时间格局分析

Analysis of Diversity and Temporal Patterns of the Insect Communities in Tea Gardens

为明确茶园害虫群落多样性、优势种与昆虫群落的时间格局,对山东省代表性茶园的主要害虫及天敌群落特征进行研究。通过目测法、黄板法、扫网法以及室内观察法,进行害虫和天敌的种类鉴定以及数量统计,共发现害虫(包括害螨)27种,天敌(包括蜘蛛)15种。茶园的主要优势种害虫有黑刺粉虱、小贯松村叶蝉、茶蚜、绿盲蝽与茶黄蓟马。主要优势天敌有桨角蚜小蜂、食蚜蝇类、瓢虫类、草蛉类与蜘蛛类。茶园越冬之前物种丰富度较高,均匀度较高,群落多样性也维持较高水平;越冬期间则生态优势度迅速上升,群落多样性降低,说明影响茶园群落动态的主要因子为温度。利用最优时间序列分割方法,将害虫和天敌群落的发展阶段划分为4个阶段,第一时段从6月9日到7月17日,优势害虫主要是黑刺粉虱和茶蚜;第二时段从7月25日到9月12日,优势害虫为黑刺粉虱和小贯松村叶蝉;第三时段从9月20日到10月17日,优势害虫为茶黄蓟马、黑刺粉虱和小贯松村叶蝉;第四时段从10月27日到12月23日,优势害虫为小贯松村叶蝉和绿盲蝽。研究结果为指导茶园害虫的精准防控奠定基础。

In order to clarify the diversity, dominant species and temporal pattern of insect community in tea gardens,the community characteristics of main pests and natural enemies in typical tea gardens in Shandong Province were studied. The classification and statistics of pests and natural enemies were recorded by visual method, yellow plate method, net scanning method and indoor observation method. A total of 27 species of pests (including mites) and 15 species of natural enemies (including spiders) were found. The main dominant pests in tea gardens were Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Matsumurasca onukii, Toxoptera aurantii, Apolygus lucorμm and Scirtothrips dorsalis.The main dominant natural enemies were Eretmocerus sp., Aphid flies, ladybirds, green lacewings and spiders.Before overwintering, the species abundance and evenness were high in tea gardens, and the community diversity also maintained a high level. During overwintering, the ecological dominance increased rapidly and the community diversity decreased, indicating that the main factor affecting the community dynamics in tea gardens was temperature.The temporal patterns of the main insect pest and natural enemy communities were divided into four stages by using the optimal sorting method. In the first period, from 9 th June to 17 th July, the dominant pests were A. spiniferus and T. aurantia. In the second period, from 25 th July to 12 nd September, the dominant pests were A. spiniferus and M.onukii. In the third period, from 20 th September to 17 th October, the dominant pests were S. dorsalis, A. spiniferus and M. onukii. In the fourth period, from 27 th October to 23 rd December, the dominant pests were M. onukii and A.lucorμm. The results laid a foundation for guiding the precise prevention and control in tea gardens.