句法复杂词的结构层级

Configurations of Syntactically Complex Words

文章首次提出“句法复杂词”的概念,并将复杂词定义为:设W是词,E是构成W的词内构成要素的集合,W是句法复杂词当且仅当|E|≥2。文章提出,所谓句法复杂词的内部构成要素既包括有语音形式的要素,也包括没有语音形式的词内空语类。以此为基础,文章从理论基础和事实验证两个角度考察了不同类型的句法复杂词,从形态、音系与句法接口层面对它们的内部结构层级进行了讨论,讨论到的类型有加缀式、元音变化式、辅音变化式、变调法、重音法、重叠法、零形态法等。文章认为复杂词内部的结构投射原理与短语和句子的投射原理相似,本质上由句法结构原则所控制和决定。

This paper conjunctures the concept of“syntactically complex words”and the term is defined as follows:Give a word W,and a set E of elements that make up W from a syntactic point of view,W is a syntactically complex word iff|E|≥2.It is argued that,from the morpho-syntactic point of view,the internal components of syntactically complex words include not only elements with phonetic forms,but also morphologically empty categories without phonetic forms.Based on this,different types of syntactically complex words and their internal structures are investigated from both theoretical and empirical perspectives,including affixation,vowel change,consonant alternation,tonal change,stress strategy,reduplication,zero-morphology etc.It is suggested that generation of the syntactically complex words are parallel to the configurations of phrases and clauses,which is essentially determined by some general principles.