非洲私立高等教育发展图景:优势、问题与突破

The Development of Private Higher Education in Africa:Advantages,Problems and Breakthroughs

高等教育需求的极速增长、新自由主义政策的采用以及宗教团体教育其成员和未来领袖的愿望等动因,为非洲私立高等教育的兴起与发展提供了契机。非洲私立高等教育的发展历程可以分为缓慢起步阶段、发展阶段和繁荣阶段三个时期。非洲大多数私立高等教育机构得以发展主要是20世纪90年代以来的事情。与其他地区相比,非洲的私立高等教育起步相对较晚,发展相对缓慢,并且呈现营利机构的数量激增,但宗教团体创办的私立高等教育机构依旧占据主导地位的景象。这期间,非洲私立高等教育拥有了一定的发展优势,即提供不间断的教育服务、创造大量的就业机会、有效适应组织变革和创新、扩宽了学生接受高等教育的机会和选择、提供针对性的优质教育;但也存在数据模棱两可、资金不稳定、提供的教育质量下降、所需合格学术人员不足以及教育设施设备不足等问题。为突破现存的问题,非洲私立高等教育可以采取建立健全私立高等教育的政策法规体系,营造良好的政策环境;拓宽筹资渠道,增强办学活力;构建私立高等教育机构质量保障体系,提高其办学质量;加强教师队伍建设,保证教师的数量和质量;实行合理管理,落实私立高校办学自主权等措施。

The rapid growth of demand for higher education,the adoption of neo-liberalism policies and the desire of religious groups to educate their members and future leaders have provided opportunities for the rise and development of private higher education in Africa.The development process of private higher education in Africa can be divided into three stages:Slow start stage,development stage and prosperity stage.Most of the private higher education institutions in Africa have developed since the 1990s.Compared with other regions,private higher education in Africa started relatively late and developed slowly.Moreover,it shows a dramatic increase in the number of for-profit institutions,but the private higher education institutions founded by religious groups still occupy a dominant position.During this period,African private higher education has certain advantages,that is,providing uninterrupted education services,creating a large number of employment opportunities,effectively adapting to organizational change and innovation,expanding students’opportunities and choices for higher education,and providing targeted quality education;however,there are also problems,such as ambiguous data,unstable funds,declining quality of education,insufficient qualified academic staff,and insufficient educational facilities and equipment.The following suggestions are put forward to solve the problems:Creating a sound policy environment by establishing and improving the policy and regulation system for private higher education;broadening financing channels and enhancing the vitality of running schools;building a quality assurance system for private higher education institutions to improve their educational quality;strengthening the construction of the teaching team to ensure the quantity and quality of teachers;improving management and enhancing the autonomy of private universities etc.