中国与欧盟和美国牛奶中兽药残留限量标准的对比研究

Comparative study of veterinary drug residue limit standards for milk in China,the European Union and the United States

近年来,动物源性食品安全问题备受关注。滥用违禁药品、超量或盲目用药、不遵循休药期等现象屡禁不止,这些行为将会导致食品中兽药残留过量进而严重危害人类健康,因此建立合适的兽药残留限量标准是有效监控动物源性食品安全的关键。我国为更加有效地监管兽药使用情况,于2019年新颁布了GB31650—2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》。本文比较了我国新旧国家标准以及新国家标准与欧盟和美国的牛奶中兽药残留限量标准的差异,结果表明,新国家标准对旧标准进行了一定程度上的补充与修改,但其与发达国家的食品安全标准仍存在一定差异。未来我国仍需结合兽药实际使用情况进一步完善乳制品中兽药残留限量的相关标准,使其向国际标准靠拢,提高我国乳制品在国际市场的竞争力,这对打破国际技术性贸易壁垒、保障食品安全具有十分重要的意义。

In recent years,animal-derived food safety issues have attracted much attention.Misapplication of contraband medicines,excessive or blind medication and not following the withdrawal period to continue despite repeated prohibition.The excessive amount of veterinary drug residues in foods caused by these behaviors will threaten human health seriously,and the establishment of appropriate veterinary drug residue limit standards is the key to effective monitoring of excess veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods.In order to more effective supervision of veterinary drug use,China issued a new national food safety standard GB 31650—2019 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in food in 2019.This study compared the limits of veterinary drug residues in milk between China’s standards and the EU and the United States,the results showed that the new national standard supplements and modifies the old standard to some extent,but there were still some differences between China and the food safety standards of developed countries.In the future,China still needs to further improve the relevant standards of veterinary drug residue limit in dairy products based on the actual use of veterinary drugs,so as to make them closer to international standards and improve the competitiveness of Chinese dairy products in the international market,which is of great significance for breaking international technical trade barriers and ensuring food safety.