“十四五”规划下黄河经济带医疗资源效率测度研究——基于DEA和SFA方法

Studying on the Efficiency Measurement of Medical Resources in The Yellow River Economic Belt under The 14th Five-Year Plan Based on DEA and SFA

目的:通过对黄河经济带地区医疗资源的配置技术效率与成本效率的研究,分析医疗资源配置过程中存在的问题、地区差异以及原因,为合理配置医疗资源提供理论依据。方法:本文使用DEA(数据包络分析)法和Malmquist指数法从静态与动态两个角度来分析黄河经济带医疗资源配置的技术效率,再结合SFA(随机前沿分析)测算出医疗资源配置的成本效率,对影响成本效率的因素进行分析。结果:DEA静态分析时,黄河经济带九个省(山西、内蒙古、山东、河南、四川、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏)中,只有河南、四川两个省实现了DEA有效,绝大部分地区由于规模效率小于1,DEA弱有效;动态分析时,7个时间段里,有两个时间段表现为全要素生产率进步,9个省中,有3个省表现为全要素生产率进步,8个省表现为技术效率进步;黄河经济带地区的医疗资源配置的成本效率总体呈递减趋势,平均成本效率为0.82,其中,病床使用率、医疗机构床位数、卫生技术人员数对于成本效率具有正影响作用。结论:黄河经济带地区应当抓住发展机遇,针对医疗资源配置过程中存在的问题,给予重视,采取相应的措施来提高医疗资源的配置效率,减少资源损耗。

Objective To analyze the problems existing in the process of medical resource allocation,regional differences and reasons in the Yellow River Economic Belt,and provide theoretical basis for rational allocation of medical resources.Methods Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) method and Malmquist index method were used to analyze the technical efficiency of medical resource allocation in the Yellow River Economic Zone from the static and dynamic perspectives.And then Stochastic Frontier Analysis(SFA) was used to calculate the cost efficiency of medical resource allocation and its influencing factors.Results In the static DEA analysis,only two provinces achieved DEA effectiveness among the nine provinces,most of which were weak DEA effectiveness due to the scale efficiency less than 1.In the dynamic analysis,two of seven time periods showed the progress of total factor productivity,three of the nine provinces showed the progress of total factor productivity,and eight of them showed the progress of technical efficiency.The overall cost-efficiency of medical resource allocation in the Yellow River Economic Belt region showed a decreasing trend,with an average cost-efficiency of 0.82.Among which,the utilization rate of hospital beds,number of beds in medical institutions and number of health technicians had a positive effect on the cost-efficiency.Conclusion It is suggested for the Yellow River Economic Belt region to seize the development opportunity,pay attention to the problems existing in the process of medical resource allocation,and take corresponding measures to improve the efficiency of medical resource allocation and reduce the loss of resources.