浙江省助产机构医务人员艾滋病母婴传播知识知晓现状与歧视态度研究

Awareness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of and discrimination against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among medical staff in midwifery institutions,Zhejiang Province

目的本研究旨在探究浙江省助产机构医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播知识、态度、行为和艾滋病歧视现状,为促进消除艾滋病母婴传播提供工作指导。方法采用方便样本法选择浙江省助产机构医务人员纳入研究,采用"问卷星"电子问卷调查,调查内容包括人群特征、艾滋病母婴传播相关知识、艾滋病相关歧视现况。比较不同特征医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播知识、歧视量表得分差异,采用多元回归分析医务人员歧视量表得分的影响因素。结果共调查医务人员1273人,平均年龄(38.6±8.8)岁,年龄范围21~64岁。知识回答全部正确210人,占16.5%,其中医生所占的比例高于护士(χ^(2)=11.377,P=0.003)、高级职称人员高于其他类别(χ^(2)=9.631,P=0.008)、初婚人群高于其他人群(χ^(2)=6.949,P=0.008),差异均有统计学意义。医务人员艾滋病歧视量表总分(2.10±0.55)分,因子得分从高到低依次为担心传染和感染疾病(2.35±0.86)分,将艾滋病与耻辱、责怪和偏见联系在一起(2.22±0.67)分,社会歧视行为(2.17±0.69)分,个人歧视行为(2.02±0.60)分。多因素分析显示年龄<36岁、预防艾滋病母婴传播知识掌握度高、卫生技术人员分类为医生、其他婚姻状态的医务人员对艾滋病歧视程度较低。结论医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播相关知识掌握欠佳。担心传染和感染疾病是医务人员产生艾滋病歧视的主要因素。知识提升有利于降低艾滋病歧视。

Objective This study aims to explore knowledge,attitudes,behaviors of prevention of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of and discrimination against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)among medical staff in order to promote elimination of MTCT.Methods Relevant medical staffs were selected from midwifery institutions using convenient sampling method."Questionnaire Star"a web-based electronic questionnaire were used to complete this survey.The content of the survey included socio-characteristics,knowledge about MTCT,and discrimination against HIV/AIDS.Differences of knowledge about MTCT,score of discrimination against HIV/AIDS scale were compared between various kinds of health professionals.Results 1273 health professionals were recruited.Their average age was 38.6±8.8(21-64).210 people answered all the questions correctly,accounting for 16.5%.Among them,the percentage of doctor was higher than that of nurses(χ^(2)=11.377,P=0.003);the percentage of health professionals with senior titles was higher than that of other staff(χ^(2)=9.631,P=0.008);the percentage of medical staff who were first married was higher than that of people who were unmarried/divorced(χ^(2)=6.949,P=0.008).The average scores of discrimination against HIV/AIDS Scale was 2.10±0.55,2.35±0.86 for dimension 1(fear of infection)ranked first,followed by 2.22±0.67 for dimension 2(discrimination,blame and prejudice),2.17±0.69 for dimension 3(social discrimination)and 2.02±0.60 for dimension 4(personal discrimination).Multivariate analysis showed age,marriage,awareness and field of specialization were associated with scores of discrimination against HIV/AIDS Scale.Conclusion Awareness of preventing from MTCT of HIV/AIDS should be improved among medical staff.Worry about being infected is the main reason for discrimination.Increased awareness may help to reduce discrimination against HIV/AIDS.