我国5市城区3~6岁儿童饮食行为及看护人喂养行为现状调查

Investigation on dietary behavior of children aged 3-6 years old and feeding behavior of their caregivers in 5 urban areas of China

目的了解我国5市城区3~6岁儿童饮食行为及看护人喂养行为问题,为改善儿童饮食行为状况、纠正看护人不正确的喂养行为,制定科学有效的营养干预措施提供理论依据。方法2019年7月—2020年12月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取我国5市城区1741名3~6岁儿童,对其家长进行现场问卷调查,对儿童饮食行为及看护人喂养行为状况等进行分析。结果我国5市城区3~<4岁、4~<5岁和5~6岁组儿童存在的饮食行为问题主要有经常只吃自己爱吃的食物(占比分别为40.73%、47.04%和43.79%),经常拒绝尝试不喜欢的食物(占比分别为40.56%、39.50%和42.16%)。3~<4岁、4~<5岁和5~6岁组儿童看护人存在的喂养行为问题主要有食物选择和烹调很少征求孩子意见(占比分别为37.94%、28.19%和23.69%)、经常让孩子尽量多吃一些(占比分别为22.55%、24.06%和27.45%)。结论我国5市城区3~6岁儿童饮食问题及其看护人喂养行为问题发生比例较高,对此应有针对性地加强科学喂养指导,帮助儿童树立良好饮食习惯,积极改善儿童营养状况。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dietary behavior of children aged 3-6 years and feeding behavior of their caregivers in 5 urban areas of China,so as to provide theoretical evidence for improving children’s dietary behavior,modifying caregivers’incorrect feeding behavior,and formulating scientific and effective nutritional intervention measures.Methods Multistage cluster random sampling was used to recruit 1741 children aged 3-6 and their parents in five urban areas of China from July 2019 to December 2020.Questionnaire survey was used to collect and analysis the information on children’s dietary behavior and caregivers’feeding behavior.Results The main problems of dietary behavior among children aged 3-<4 years old,4-<5 years old and 5-6 years old were only eating their favorite food(according for 40.73%,47.04%and 43.79%,respectively),and refusing to try food they didn’t like(according for 40.56%,39.50%and 42.16%,respectively).The main problems of feeding behavior among 3-<4 years old,4-<5 years old and 5-6 years old children’s caregivers were food selection and cooking seldom consulting their children opinions(according for 37.94%,28.19%and 23.69%,respectively),and letting children eat more food(according for 22.55%,24.06%and 27.45%,respectively).Conclusion The prevalence of dietary behavior problems of children aged 3-6 years old and feeding behavior problems of their caregivers in five urban areas of China is high.Therefore,targeted scientific feeding guidance should be strengthened to help children establish good eating habits and actively improve children’s nutritional status.