国外旅游绩效评估方法研究进展与启示

PROGRESS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF TOURISM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHODS RESEARCH ABOARD

目前很少有研究系统梳理旅游绩效评估方法。本文通过梳理国外代表性文献,着重比较4类评估方法,并提出未来研究的重点方向,以期为相关研究提供理论参考与技术支持。结果发现:①4类方法分别具有特定的理论视角、固有的假设约束、严格的技术规则和明确的适用范围,未来应基于“传统绩效—技术效率—生产率—竞争力”的研究框架,针对性地评估和调控旅游企业、行业与目的地绩效;②应严格遵循模型方法的技术规则,规避技术陷阱,并从提高数据质量、优化遴选指标和扩展模型方法等方面优化评估技术,提升理论贡献;③应重点关注全球化、技术变革、可持续发展背景下的旅游绩效应用研究,在内外部因素及其交互作用中“解构”绩效评估,提升实践价值。

Performance evaluation is the foundation of the tourism performance research. However, few studies have systematically sorted out relevant research achievements in the context of methodology, and little have compared the advantages, disadvantages and application scope of different theories, methods, models,indicators and evaluation systems. Thus, it is difficult to identify the theoretical contributions of tourism performance. Given this, this paper extensively reviews literature, and focusing on comparing four types of evaluation methods, including traditional performance evaluation methods, technical efficiency evaluation methods, productivity evaluation methods and competitiveness evaluation methods. The results show that: 1) The four types of methods have specific theoretical perspectives, inherent hypothetical constraints, strict technical regulations and definite application scope. 2) We should strictly follow the technical regulations of the models, and increase the quality of data, optimize the selection indicators, and develop the models;3) We should pay close attention to the tourism performance application research in the context of globalization,technological transformation and sustainable development, and "deconstruct" performance evaluation with the internal and external factors and their interaction so as to promote the practical value.