一个西北山区村落集市的自我塑形与秩序再造——基于宁夏单家集田野调查

Self-shaping and Order Reconstruction of a Village Market in Northwest Mountainous Area:Based on the Field Investigation of Shanjiaji in Ningxia

由六盘山区域县级公路连接的川道—盆地形成人口集聚地带上的单家集村落,因设集立市发展特色产业而兴盛颇具代表性。通过对单家集长期进行田野调查,追溯集市历史脉络并关注近代社会变迁,单家集继承历史上经营集市传统,打破乡村设集立市的惯例,建立以活畜交易为主导的专营特色集市,形成以牛为媒介的地方性、区域性中心市场,改变了六盘山集市圈牲畜市场分布格局并再造新秩序,由村落经济共同体转变为集市经济共同体,其模式为中国西北农业人口生计转型的有益探索,是理解中国农村社会转型不可忽视的视角。

Chuandao-basin,which is connected by county road in Liupanshan region,is a typical village in population agglomeration area,which is prosperous because of the development of characteristic industries. Through the long-term field investigation of Shanjiaji,tracing the historical context of the market and paying attention to the modern social changes,we can see that Shanjiaji inherits the historical tradition of market operation,breaks the practice of setting up a centralized market in rural areas,establishes a specialized market dominated by live livestock trading,and forms a local and regional central market with cattle as the media.It has changed the distribution pattern of livestock market in Liupanshan Market circle and created a new order,transforming from village economic community to market economic community. Its model is a beneficial exploration for the livelihood transformation of agricultural population in northwest China,providing a perspective that cannot be ignored to understand the social transformation of rural China.