“士与学相互正名”:无专业群体之专业报《农学报》嵌入全国的一种路径

Mutual rectification of"shi"and"Academic":a path for the non-professional group of professional newspaper"Journal of Agriculture"to be embedded in the country

近代中国西学何以传播,不同研究者对传播“路径”有着不同的理解。本文以“新农学”为载体,通过《农学报》在全国的传播为个案对此进行探讨。通过研究发现,“士”和“西学”的相互正名关系,自始至终地影响着国人对于新农学的接受,它们既是一种关系建构,而且也是西学接受的语境逻辑。甲午战后,面对国难,边缘士大夫缘于经济、知识和实践等劣势地位,只能在力所能及的范围内从事救亡工作,农学就是其中一项。罗振玉等以农学为根本,通过他们的“正名”使农学从“野老之学”“新学”上升为“士大夫之学”,宣传《农学报》进而通过农学会得以在全国范围内得以嵌入。但此时《农学报》只是边缘士大夫的民间行动;戊戌庚子时期,经过体制内士大夫正名农学成为基本的国策,进而阅读《农学报》,推进农政成为了基本要求;壬寅废八股,乙巳废科举,农学成为衡文取士之学,士人攻读农学被授予进士出身,农学成为了制造士大夫之学,为士大夫正名,在这种情况下,士人对于《农学报》的阅读更是趋之若鹜。

How did modern Chinese Western learning spread?Different researchers have different understandings of the"path"of the spread.This article uses"NewAgronomy"as the carrier,and discusses this through the national dissemination of"Journal of Agriculture"as a case study.Through research,it is found that the mutual rectification relationship between"shi"and"Western learning"has always affected the Chinese people's acceptance of newagronomy.They are not only a kind of relationship construction,but also the regional logic of Western learning.After the Sino-JapaneseWar of 1894-1895,facing the national crisis,marginal scholar-officials,due to their disadvantaged positions in economy,knowledge,and practice,could only carry out salvation work within the scope of their ability.Agronomy was one of them.Luo Zhenyu and others took agronomy as the foundation,and through their"rectification of the name",the agronomy was elevated from"the science of the wild old"to the"study of scholar-officials",and promoted the"Journal of Agriculture"and then through the Society of Agriculture to be embedded nationwide.But at this time,"Journal of Agriculture"was only a nongovernmental action of marginal scholar-officials;during the period of Wuxu and Gengzi,after the literati within the system,agronomy became a basic national policy,and then reading"Journal ofAgriculture",promoting agricultural policy became a basic requirement;other people abolished stereotypes.Otsumi abolished the imperial examination,and agriculture became the scholarship of Hengwen.Scholars who studied agriculture were awarded the scholarship background.Agronomy became the science of making scholar-bureaucrats and rectified the name of scholar-bureaucrats.Under this circumstance,scholars'reading of"Journal of Agriculture"It is even more flocking.