生活政治:理解转型期农村代际关系的一个视角

Life Politics:A Perspective of Understanding Peasant Intergenerational Relationships in the Transition Period

代际关系是家庭关系的主轴。随着家庭资源逐渐充裕和家庭渐趋少子化,家庭矛盾从传统时期聚焦于家庭资源的竞争逐渐转向代际之间的日常生活摩擦,家庭政治向生活政治转向。生活政治主要源于两代人的观念和生活方式的差异,聚焦于生活话语权的争夺,体现在消费观念、育儿观念和生活习惯等日常生活的诸多方面,具有日常化、微观化、私人化和相对独立性等特点。伴随着家庭政治向生活政治转型,家庭成员之间的相处模式也发生转变,进而形塑新的代际关系样态,呈现出“亲而不密”、私密化以及个性化与多样化等特点。生活政治的启示在于,转型期农村代际关系的样态并不完全由家庭资源和家庭伦理决定,而是取决于两代人在日常生活中的相处之道。因此,代际关系研究要深入探究转型期农民家庭关系的实践逻辑,从日常生活的细微之处揭示农村代际关系的变迁形态。

The intergenerational relationship is the main axis of family relations.With the gradual abundance of family resources and the increasing prevalence of fewer children in the family,family conflicts have gradually shifted from the traditional focus on the competition of family resources to the daily friction between generations,and family politics has turned to life politics.Life politics mainly stems from the differences in the concepts and lifestyles of the two generations.It focuses on the struggle for the right to speak in life,and is scattered in many aspects of daily life such as consumption concepts,child-rearing concepts and living habits,it has the characteristics of dailyization,microcosmization,privatization and relative independence.With the transition from family politics to life politics,the mode of getting along with family members has also changed,thus shaping a new intergenerational relationship.Intergenerational relations are characterized by close but not close,privacy,personalization and diversification.The enlightenment of life politics lies in the fact that the intergenerational relationship of peasants in the transition period is not determined by family resources and family ethics,but more depends on the way the two generations get along in daily life.Therefore,the research on intergenerational relations should go deep into the practical logic of peasant family relations in the transition period,and reveal the changing form of rural intergenerational relations in the subtle aspects of daily life.