家庭关系抑或邻里关系?——人际关系对农村老年人幸福感的影响研究

Family or Neighborhood?——Influence of the Interpersonal Relationship on the Wellbeing of Older People in Rural China

近年来,农村人口老龄化引起党和国家高度重视,关注农村老年人心理健康、提升其幸福感,对于实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略和乡村振兴战略具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,通过构建Probit和Oprobit模型,实证分析了人际关系中家庭关系和邻里关系对农村老年人主观幸福感的影响。研究发现:(1)和睦的家庭关系、和谐的邻里关系,均显著正向影响农村老年人主观幸福感,且邻里关系的边际效应高于家庭关系;(2)农村男性老年人更看重和谐邻里关系所带来的幸福感提升,农村女性老年人则更关注和睦的家庭关系对幸福感的提升;(3)与在婚农村老年人相比,不在婚农村老年人更希望通过和谐的邻里关系来提升幸福感;(4)邻里关系随农村老年人年龄增长依旧显著正向影响其幸福感,而家庭关系对高龄农村老年人幸福感的影响不显著。为提升农村老年人幸福感,宜全面推进积极应对人口老龄化国家战略和乡村振兴战略,重视家庭建设,树立"尊老爱幼、夫妻和睦、邻里和谐"的家庭标杆,并重点关注农村特殊老年群体。

In recent years,the aging of rural population has attracted great attention from the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government,and improving the mental health and wellbeing of the rural elderly is of great significance both theoretically and practically to the implementation of China’s rural vitalization strategy and its national strategy of“actively responding to population aging”.Using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper empirically analyzed the influence of family ties and neighborhood relationship on the subjective wellbeing of the rural elderly by constructing Probit and Oprobit models.Results show that both harmonious family and neighborhood relationship have significant positive effects on their subjective wellbeing,and the marginal effect of the latter is higher than that of the former.Besides,the male elderly in rural China pay more attention to good-neighborly relations,whereas their female counterparts focus more harmonious family ties.In addition,compared with the rural elderly who are married,those who are single are more likely to improve their wellbeing through harmonious neighborhood relationship.Moreover,neighborly relation has a sustaining significant positive impact on the wellbeing of the rural elderly as they age,while family relationship has no significant impact.To improve the wellbeing of the rural elderly,we need to implement the above-mentioned two strategies in an all-round way,attach enough importance to family construction,pay close attention to the rural elderly with special needs,and set a family benchmark of“respecting the elderly and caring for the young,and promoting harmonious family and neighborly relations”.