用人单位呼吸防护用品配置与使用的评估指标体系构建

Construction of evaluation index system of allocation and use of respiratory protection equipment in employers

目的构建用人单位呼吸防护用品配置与使用的评价指标体系,用以全面评估用人单位呼吸防护用品是否得到合理使用。方法依据国家相关法规和标准,采用专题小组讨论建立初步指标体系,通过两轮专家咨询和分析修正指标体系并确定各级指标的权重;计算指标体系的信度和效度。结果第一轮咨询建立了初始指标体系框架的4条一级指标和25条二级指标,结合专家意见,按照变异系数等指标的纳入标准,删除不符合条件的二级指标4项(防护用品配发现状、防护用品清洗后佩戴情况、防护用品相关违规处罚情况、使用知名品牌防护用品);通过第二轮咨询打分,最终构建了包括4个一级指标,21条二级指标的评价指标体系。20名专家两轮咨询的有效回复率为100%,权威系数Cr=0.896、0.875。两轮专家咨询的变异系数分别为0.15、0.11,W值分别为0.695,0.700(P<0.05),专家协调程度较好。指标体系的Cronbach’sα系数为0.892,Spearman-Brown折半信度系数为0.860。对指标体系进行了结构效度分析,适当性检验统计量(KMO值)为0.736,表明效度较好。结论该呼吸防护用品配置与使用的两级指标评价体系结构稳定,设计合理,可作为用人单位呼吸防护用品是否得到合理使用的实用性评价工具,为行政监管和职业卫生评价提供参考。

Objective To develop a scientific evaluation index system to assess the allocation and use of employers’respiratory protection equipment.Methods According to relevant national laws,regulations and standards,a preliminary index system through special group discussion was proposed,and then revised through two rounds of expert consultation and analysis.The weight of indicators at all levels was determined and the reliability and validity of the index system were calculated.Results Four primary indicators and 25 secondary indicators of the initial indicator system framework were proposed based on the first round of consultation.Following experts’opinions and according to the inclusion criteria of the coefficient of variation and other indicators,4 secondary indicators,namely the distribution of protective equipment,the wearing of protective equipment after cleaning,the penalties for violations of protective equipment,the use of well-known brand protective equipment,which did not meet the conditions were deleted.Through the second round of consultation and scoring,an evaluation index system including 4 first-level indicators,namely the allocation,the use,the maintenance and management,quality,and 21 second-level indicators was finally constructed.The effective response rate of 20 experts in two rounds of consultation was 100%,and the authority coefficient Cr was 0.896.The variation coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.15 and 0.11 respectively,and the W values were 0.695 and 0.700 respectively(P<0.05).The Cronbach’sαof index system was 0.892 and the Spearman Brown half reliability coefficient was 0.860.The structural validity analysis of the index system was carried out,and the appropriateness test statistic(KMO value)was0.736,indicating good validity.Conclusions The two-level index evaluation system for the allocation and use of respiratory protective articles has been stable structurally and reasonably designed.It can be used as a practical evaluation tool for the rational use of respiratory protective articles in employers,and provide reference for administrative supervision and occupational health evaluation.