砧木嫁接对菊花生理指标及花期的影响

Effects of Rootstocks Grafting on Physiological Indexes and Flowering of Chrysanthemum

目的:明确砧木嫁接对菊花生长的影响。方法:以2个菊花品种为接穗,分别用黄蒿、青蒿、艾草、小飞蓬为砧木进行嫁接,探究沿淮地区不同砧木嫁接对越夏栽培菊花生长发育、叶抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响。结果:‘皇冠’和‘金背大红’的4种砧木嫁接苗其侧枝茎粗、叶片数、地下部分鲜质量、地下部分干质量、净光合速率、气孔导度、抗氧化酶活性值均高于各自扦插苗,而丙二醛(MDA)含量及电解质渗透率值均低于各自扦插苗,其中2种菊花的黄蒿嫁接苗除地下部分干质量外其余各项生长指标和开花效果均达到最佳,其次是青蒿嫁接苗;‘皇冠’和‘金背大红’的艾草嫁接苗其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,分别比各自扦插苗高54.03%、177.27%和241.86%,38.88%、240%和209.09%,MDA含量和相对电导率值最低,分别比扦插苗低16.62%和23.76%,17.25%和28.74%,其次是小飞蓬。结论:嫁接能在一定程度上促进菊花的生长,提升菊花的开花效果,提高越夏栽培菊花的抗性,但不同砧木的嫁接效果不同,在生长能力和开花效果方面综合以黄蒿嫁接苗最佳,青蒿次之,在抗性能力方面以艾草最佳,小飞蓬次之。同时青蒿的嫁接成活率最高,小飞蓬的嫁接成活率最低。

Objective:To clarify the effects of different rootstocks grafting on some physiological characteristics and flowering of Chrysanthemum.Methods:Two Chrysanthemum cultivars were used as scions to graft on the rootstocks of Artemisia scoparia,Artemisia carvifolia,Artemisia argyi and Conyza Canadensis,and the cuttings of the two kinds of Chrysanthemums were used as the control,the effects of different rootstocks on the growth,development,antioxidant enzyme activities and membrane lipid peroxidation of Chrysanthemum cultivars grown in over summer along Huaihe River were studied.Results:The results showed that the diameter of lateral branches,number of leaves,fresh weight of underground part,dry weight of underground part,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and activity of antioxidant enzymes of the four rootstocks‘Crown’and‘Jinbei Dahong’were higher than those of their respective cuttings,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and electrolyte permeability were lower than those of their respective cuttings.In addition to the dry mass of the underground part,all the growth indexes and flowering effect of Artemisia scoparia were the best,followed by Artemisia carvifolia.The activity of SOD,POD and CAT was the highest in the Artemisia argyi grafting seedlings of‘Crown’and‘Jinbei Dahong’,which were 54.03%,177.27%and 241.86%higher,38.88%,240%and 209.09%higher,respectively,and the content and relative conductivity of MDA were the lowest,which were 16.62%and 23.76%lower,17.25%and 28.74%lower than those of the cuttings,followed by the Conyza Canadensis.Conclusion:Comprehensive indicators showed that grafting can to a certain extent,promote the growth of chrysanthemum,raise chrysanthemums bloom effect,improve the resistance of the summer cultivated chrysanthemum,but different scion grafting effect,in the ability to grow and bloom effect integrated with artemisia scoparia grafting best,Artemisia carvifolia times,in the best resistant ability to Artemisia argyi,Conyza Canadensis times.At the same time,the grafting survival rate of Artemisia carvifolia was the highest,and the grafting survival rate of Conyza Canadensis was the lowest.