新疆大型露天矿绿色安全高效开采存在问题及对策

Problems and countermeasures in green,safe and efficient mining of large-scale open-pit mines in Xinjiang

新疆矿产资源丰富,但生态环境脆弱,随着开采规模不断增大,大型露天矿开采与生态环境保护之间的矛盾日益突出。通过收集整理相关资料,总结了新疆地区矿产资源赋存特征、大型露天矿分布情况及生态环境特征。揭示了新疆大型露天矿开采存在的问题,并分别针对处于规划设计阶段与生产运营阶段的两类矿山,提出各自相应的露天矿绿色安全高效开采思路,建立了全流程环节的理论框架及具体实施方案。分析总结了适用于新疆大型露天矿绿色安全高效开采的关键技术及有益效果,继而提出了"大型露天煤矿宜采用陡帮开采跟踪内排的绿色模式,大型露天金属矿宜采用露天-地下联合开采的绿色模式"的观点,并以乌拉根锌矿为例进行了工程案例分析。

Xinjiang is rich in mineral resources,but its ecological environment is fragile.With increasing exploitation scale,the contradiction between large-scale open-pit mining and ecological environment protection has become increasingly prominent.This paper summarized occurrence characteristics of mineral resources,distribution of large-scale open-pit mines,and characteristics of ecological environment in Xinjiang through collecting and digging relevant data.The problems existing in the mining of large-scale open-pit mines in Xinjiang were revealed.For the two types of mines in design stage and production stage,corresponding green,safe,and efficient mining ideas of open-pit mines were put forward,and theoretical framework and specific implementation scheme of the whole process were established.Key technologies and beneficial effects of green,safe and efficient mining for large-scale open-pit mines in Xinjiang were analyzed and summarized,and the viewpoint of“green mode of steep slope mining followed by inner dumping for large-scale open-pit mines and open-pit mining combined with underground mining for large-scale open-pit metal mines”was proposed.An engineering case study was conducted with Wulagen zinc mine as an example.