社区老年人群听力损失与认知功能下降的相关性研究

Study on the correlationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline among older adults in Beijing

目的研究社区老年人群听力损失与认知功能下降的相关性。方法采用纯音测听、老年听力障碍量表、简明智力状态量表、焦虑和抑郁量表等工具,针对北京市某社区492例60岁以上老年人群进行调查。将年龄、性别、文化程度、听力损失程度和焦虑抑郁量表得分等因素作为自变量,简明智力状态量表得分作为因变量,进行方差分析和多元线性回归分析。将年龄、性别、文化程度和听力损失程度等因素设为自变量,焦虑抑郁量表得分作为因变量,进行多元线性回归分析。结果492例受试者中,以较好耳为准,418例(85.0%)存在听力损失,160例(32.5%)听阈超过40 dB HL,存在残疾性听力损失。年龄(β=-0.33,P<0.01)、性别(β=0.09,P=0.04)、文化程度(β=0.31,P<0.01)、听力损失程度(β=-0.11,P=0.02)和婚姻状态(β=0.56,P=0.02)等因素与认知功能下降显著相关。性别(β=-0.17,P<0.01)和听力损失程度(β=0.08,P=0.02)与焦虑指标存在相关性,性别(β=-0.84,P=0.02)和听力损失程度(β=0.04,P=0.01)与抑郁指标存在相关性。结论社区老年人群的听力损失与认知功能下降和焦虑抑郁指标均存在相关性。

Objective To study the correlation between hearing loss and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods Using Pure-tone audiometry,the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly(HHIE),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),and Generalized Anxiety Disorder,a survey was conducted with 492 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above in Beijing.Age,gender,education level,hearing loss,levels of anxiety and depression,and other factors were used as independent variables,and the MMSE scores were used as dependent variables.Analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were performed.Results Among the 492 subjects,based on the better ears,418(85.0%)had hearing loss and 160(32.5%)had disabled hearing loss.Factors such as age(β=-0.33,P<0.01),gender(β=0.09,P=0.04),education level(β=0.31,P<0.01),hearing loss(β=-0.11,P=0.02)and marital status(β=0.56,P=0.02)were significantly related to cognitive decline.Gender(β=-0.17,P<0.01)and hearing loss(β=0.08,P=0.02)correlated with anxiety indicators;gender(β=-0.84,P=0.02)and hearing loss(β=0.04,P=0.01)also correlated with depression indicators.Conclusion Results indicated a correlation between hearing loss and cognitive decline,and between hearing loss and anxiety and depression among community-dwelling older adults in Beijing.