医用微流控芯片研究进展

Emerging microfluidic chips on medical application

近年来,随着社会经济的飞速发展,新型科学技术层出不穷,微流控芯片因具有试剂消耗量少、能耗低、反应速度快、高通量化、液体自驱等独特优势,已经发展成为集生化、医学、电子、材料及其交叉学科的研究热点.微流控技术(microfluidics)是在微电机加工系统(MEMS)技术基础上发展而来的,是在微米级微管中精确操纵微量流体的技术手段.随着柔性材料(纸、光子晶体膜)和复杂加工工艺(飞秒激光、双光子3D打印等)的不断发展,微流控芯片已走向多功能高度集成的技术革新路线.其发展日新月异,目前有关微流控芯片的综述性报道层出不穷,但是对最新的微流控芯片特别是在医学领域中的应用仍然较少.本文对微流控芯片在医学领域的应用进行了全面而深入的总结,主要综述了微流控芯片制备的前沿方法、检测手段以及在医学领域的相关应用,并展望了微流控芯片面临的主要挑战和未来发展方向.

In recent years,with the rapid development of the social economy,new science and technology emerge endlessly.Microfluidic chips have become a research hotspot integrating biochemistry,medicine,electronics,materials and their interdisciplinary aspects because of their unique advantages such as low reagent consumption,low energy consumption,high reaction speed,high throughput,and liquid self-driving.Microfluidics is developed based on microelectro-mechanical system(MEMS)technology,which is a kind of technology that accurately manipulates the microfluid in microtubules.With the continuous development of flexible materials(paper,photonic crystal film)and complex machining processes(femtosecond laser,two-photon 3 D printing,etc.),microfluidic chips have moved towards a multifunctional innovation route with highly integrated technologies.Therefore,its development is changing rapidly.There are numerous review reports on microfluidic chips,but there is still a lack of reports on microfluidic chips’latest applications,especially in the medical field.Therefore,we summarize the recent progress of medical microfluidics research comprehensively so that readers can fully understand the field.In this paper,the frontier methods of microfluidic chip preparation,detection techniques and related applications in the medical field are mainly reviewed.Besides,the main challenges and future development of microfluidic chips are summarized and prospected.