河套地区史前城址与聚落遗址时空关系研究

Temporal-spatial relationship between prehistoric cities and settlements sites in Hetao region

基于GIS空间分析方法,从集聚性、分布密度和重心位移的角度,按照仰韶晚期、庙底沟二期、龙山这三个时期对河套地区66座城址与848座聚落遗址的时空关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)城址与聚落遗址的集聚程度有关但规律并不一致,城址逐渐区别于聚落遗址,其功能、作用与地位更加重要。2)城址与聚落遗址的分布密度存在一定关联,龙山时期尤为明显,有92.1%的城址位于聚落遗址密度较大的区域。3)城址相比聚落遗址分布重心更加偏北,两者重心均在陕北榆林及其周边地区按逆时针方向移动,说明了该地区在仰韶晚期至龙山时期的重要地位。研究表明河套地区史前城址与聚落遗址之间存在密切的关系,两者的时空分布与演进过程受到气候变迁、文化碰撞和生业变化的多重影响,并最终导致了不同地区差异化的社会发展进程。

Based on GIS spatial analysis, from the perspective of agglomeration, distribution density and center of gravity displacement, the temporal and spatial relationship between 66 prehistoric cities sites and 848 settlements sites in Hetao region were studied according to the three periods of late Yangshao, Miaodigou II and Longshan. The results shows that: 1) The prehistoric cities were related to the agglomeration degree of settlements sites, but the law was not consistent. Cities were gradually different from settlements, and their function and status were more important. 2) There was a certain correlation between the cities and the distribution density of settlement sites, especially in the Longshan period. 92.1% of the cities were located in the area with high density of settlements. 3) Compared with the settlements, the distribution center of gravity of the cities were more northerly. Both of them moved counterclockwise in Yulin in Northern Shaanxi, indicating the important position of this region from the late Yangshao to Longshan period. The research shows that there was a close relationship between prehistoric cities and settlements in Hetao region. Their temporal and spatial distribution and evolution process were affected by climate change, cultural collision and changes in the way of living, and finally leaded to the differentiated social development process in different regions.