中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis

栖息地破碎化、人为干扰等因素影响着中华鬣羚(Capricornis sumatraensis)的生存。目前,中华鬣羚的行为研究还比较匮乏,因此有必要构建中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE(posture-act-environment)编码系统,以期促进其基础行为资料的完善,为深入开展科学研究和保护工作奠定基础。本文旨在:(1)参照国内常用的动物行为编码方法,以"姿势–动作–环境"为轴心,建立中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE编码系统,并随机抽取20%的中华鬣羚视频作为检测样本,对行为谱的实际使用效果进行测试。(2)对中华鬣羚的行为数据进行统计并通过计算行为多样性指数,分析各特定年龄组间的行为多样性差异,检验特定年龄组与行为多样性指数间的相关性。结果显示:(1)通过区别和归类中华鬣羚的10种姿势、80种动作、9种环境、78种行为,首次建立了中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE编码系统。经测试,该行为谱能够客观地对中华鬣羚行为进行识别和归类。(2)与亚成体和幼体相比,中华鬣羚成体特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A;)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)、相对行为多样性指数(r)和校正行为多样性指数(r-variable)均为最高;中华鬣羚亚成体特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A;)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)、相对行为多样性指数(r)介于成体和幼体之间;中华鬣羚幼体的特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A;)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)和相对行为多样性指数(r)最低,校正行为多样性指数(r-variable)高于亚成体。(3)中华鬣羚行为谱可用于其行为学研究,今后应获取繁殖行为的图像数据,更新行为谱及PAE编码系统。(4)3个特定年龄组中华鬣羚的各行为多样性指数之间差异不显著(F=0.013, P=0.987),从幼体到成体,中华鬣羚的特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A;)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)和相对行为多样性指数(r)随年龄的增大呈递增趋势。综上所述,我们应深入研究中华鬣羚行为学,为其保护工作提供科学支撑。

Aims: Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance are factors that affect the survival of Capricornis sumatraensis.Protecting C. sumatraensis, in-depth study of the behavioral and ecological characteristics of this species is the prerequisite and basis for taking necessary protective measures. Behavioral research of C. sumatraensis is relatively scarce, so it is necessary to build a behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment(PAE) coding system of C. sumatraensis in order to promote the improvement of their basic behavior data, and lay the foundation for further scientific research and protection. Methods:(1) Referring to the commonly used animal behavior coding methods in China, the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of C. sumatraensis were established based on the PAE axis. Twenty percent of C. sumatraensis videos were randomly selected from the video database to test the effectiveness of the behavioral ethogram.(2) The behavioral data of C. sumatraensis were counted and the behavioral diversity index was calculated. The differences between the behavioral diversity of specific age groups were analyzed, and the correlation between specific age groups and behavioral diversity index was calculated. Results:(1) This paper classifies 10 postures, 80 actions, 9 environments and 78 behaviors of C. sumatraensis, and establishes the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of C. sumatraensis for the first time. Through the behavior ethogram, it can objectively identify and classify C. sumatraensis behaviors.(2) Compared with sub-adults and cub, adult C. sumatraensis had the highest A;, A, r, r-variable. The A;, A, r of C. sumatraensis sub-adults were lower than adults but higher than cub. Cub C. sumatraensis had the lowest A;, A, r, and the r-variable was higher than that of sub-adults.(3) The behavior ethogram of the C. sumatraensis can be generally used in the study of its behavior. The results could be improved by obtaining images of reproductive behavior, and updating the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system.(4) The behavioral diversity index of C. sumatraensis was not significantly different among the three age groups(F = 0.013, P = 0.987). From cub to adult, the A;, A, r of C. sumatraensis increased with age.Conclusion: Further research on the behavior of C. sumatraensis is needed to provide scientific support for its protection.