中国对老挝援助政策的演变及其动因(1956—1965)

The Evolution and Motivation of China’s Aid Policy toward Laos(1956-1965)

1956年8月,中国提议向老挝提供经济援助,但直到1960年底这一构想并未实施。从1960年底老挝危机爆发到1962年7月日内瓦会议闭幕,中国积极援助包括老挝左派和中立派在内的老挝爱国力量。从日内瓦会议结束到1965年底,对老援助再次成为对越援助的一部分,这一时期中国全面援助老挝左派巴特寮。从"构想未实施"到"积极援助老挝爱国力量"再到全面"援助巴特寮"的过程中贯穿了一条清晰的线索,即是对老援助是实现政策目标的工具,中国援助老挝旨在与美国和苏联争夺影响力,以证明中国反帝反修主张的正确性,宣示中国在亚非拉世界的领导地位。但实际上中国对老援助并未取得预期效果,原因在于中国并不具备与美苏相抗衡的物质实力,中国经验也不适用于老挝,中国未能处理好对外援助中的义利关系。

In August 1956,China expressed its willingness to aid Laos.Nevertheless,this issue became a subordinate part of China’s aid to North Vietnam in December 1965.The Chinese aid to Laos witnessed three stages at this interval,which were unfulfilled attempt to aid Laos,intangible aid to the patriotic force including the neutralists and the leftists,and exclusive aid to the Pathet Lao.In spite of these changes,the logic behind them was consistent,which was that China took advantage of aid as a tool to achieve its political objectives.China actively aided Laos with a view of competing for influence with the United States and the Soviet Union,demonstrating the feasibility of China’s anti-imperialist and anti-revisionist proposals,proclaiming China’s leadership in the Third World,and creating a world in which China would become a pole which was a counterbalance to the United States and the Soviet Union.But the Chinese aid to Laos failed to yield the expected results because China was disadvantageously compared with its two competitors in the economic strength.Moreover,the revolutionary experience of China was inapplicable to Laos and China failed to strike the very balance between‘justice’and‘interests’in the course of providing aid to Laos.