对南水北调工程效益拓展至滦河流域的若干思考

Thoughts on extending strategic benefit of South-to-North Water Diversion Project to Luanhe River basin

基于滦河流域水系统健康状态演变态势,提出将南水北调工程与引滦工程统筹考虑,优化滦河水量分配方案,协同保障南水北调受水区和滦河流域水资源安全的基本构想,并具体提出以天津市水资源安全作为前提条件,以水量、水资源调蓄能力、水价3个方面作为关键支撑,分3步调整引滦水量分配方案的实施步骤设想。将滦河流域纳入南水北调后续工程规划,不需要新增工程措施,就可以将南水北调工程效益向北延伸到滦河流域,最大程度缓解滦河流域严重水问题,实现南水北调东、中线后续工程效益最大化。

In the late 1970 s,Tianjin′s water demand increased rapidly.To alleviate the crisis of water shortage,the State Council of the People′s Republic of China arranged the water transfer project from Luanhe River to Tianjin and identified the proportion of the water distribution in Tianjin and Hebei Provinces in 1983.The completion of the water transfer project of Luanhe River to Tianjin has effectively ensured the safety of Tianjin′s water supply,with an average annual water supply accounting for more than 20%.The water supply safety of Tianjin was further strengthened after the inauguration of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in 2014.However,with the decline of water resources in the Luanhe River basin,the contradiction between the water supply and demand in major cities in the lower reaches of the Luanhe River has become increasingly prominent,causing problems such as damage to the river′s ecological environment,overexploitation of groundwater,and difficulty in securing water for economic and social development.Based on the follow-up high-quality development of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,optimizing the water distribution scheme of the Luanhe River is very important to ensure the water resources safety of the water receiving areas of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the Luanhe River basin.Based on the results of the health state evolution of the water system in the Luanhe River basin,an indicator system was constructed for the health status of the water system.The indicator system was applied to analyze the health status of the water system of Tianjin and Tangshan since 1983.The decline of water resources was analyzed sing data(the water flux into the sea,the amount of groundwater over exploitation,areas of seawater intrusion,ground settlement amount,the demand changes of social economy water),statistical analysis,and other methods.The main results are:①In recent years,there is a significant decline in the water resources.Compared with the first water resource evaluation results,water resources were reduced by 1.7 billion m^(3)(17.7%),of which the surface water and groundwater resource drop reached by 30.72%and 10.10%,respectively.②Recently,the Luanhe River water ecological environment problem has been more prominent,and the water flux has continued to decrease.In the past 13 years,the average water flux is only 12.7 billion m^(3),far less than the planning of 4.21 billion m^(3).③The annually overexploitation of groundwater is more than 510 million m^(3),which led to cumulative overexploitation of 15 billion m^(3) in Tangshan,and groundwater depth reached more than 20 m in some areas.The areas of seawater intrusion has been more than 2000 km^(2).The largest ground settlement area has reached 2498.85 mm in the Ninghe area of Tangshan City.④Last 20 years,two dry years of the Luanhe River basin have caused serious drinking crisis and agricultural reduction.Even with the continuous promotion of water-saving,it is still unable to get rid of the shortage of water resources in Luanhe River.⑤A conception and preliminary implementation was proposed to incorporate the Luanhe River basin into the follow-up planning of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.The main conclusions are:With the completion of the first phase of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the subsequent planning and construction of the Middle East Route,the Luanhe River Diversion Project and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project have established a hydraulic connection with Tianjin.The water receiving areas of South-to-North Water Diversion Projects and Luanhe River basin have water resources synergistic safety guarantee conditions.Therefore,the idea of incorporating the Luanhe River basin into the follow-up of South-to-North Water Diversion Projects was Proposed.This embodiment includes a premise,three supports,and three-step implementation strategies.The implementation strategy of the Luanhe River transfer water distribution was adjusted scheme with the water resources security in Tianjin as the primary premise.The water volume,water resources regulation and storage capacity,and water price are important support.The phase II Project of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is the important node for adjusting the water distribution plan of Luanhe River with three steps as to alleviate the serious water problems to a great extent and maximize the benefits of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,incorporated the Luanhe River basin into the follow-up high-quality development of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.