调水工程受水区增量水权转换模式创新与设计

Innovation and design of incremental water rights conversion mode in water diversion project intake area

结合南水北调受水区典型城市东营市经济社会发展格局以及水资源配置布局,提出统一配置、综合定价,定向供给、独立核算,水权转换、市场竞价的增量水权利用的模式;进一步重点针对水权转换模式,初步构建包括利益相关方界定、信息管理、交易定价、交易协调、合约管理等内容的增量水权利用机制,设计水权交易平台,就平台性质界定、水权来源、利益相关方责任、准入要求、转让期限等内容进行探讨。结合水权交易模式设计,实现政府行政调控和市场经济调节相结合,优化水资源配置、推进区域水资源节约集约利用,缓解东营市黄河以南南水北调东线水利用不足、黄河以北产业发展用水短缺约束局面。

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is China′s first cross-basin water diversion project for the returning water to the river for improving the regional water ecology.The project not only alleviated the water shortage in North China and eastern coastal cities,increased the ecological water volume of rivers and lakes,but also restrained local groundwater overexploitation.Affected by the management system,operation mechanism,dispatching mode,price and other factors,the water transferred from some water receiving areas has not been fully utilized,which affects the normal play of the overall benefits of the South-to-North Water Diversion.Aiming at the problem of insufficient utilization of water diversion project,the mode and path to promote the effective utilization of water diversion is discussed.The problem of insufficient water diversion is due to the high water price of the water diversion project,the lagging of supporting projects,as well as the dispersion of some water supply enterprises in the intake area,and the lack of integrated water management.Dongying City is the intake area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,and to discuss innovation and design of water rights conversion mode is significant for this project.According to the economic and social development and the distribution of water resources allocation,the mode of unified allocation and comprehensive pricing,directional supply and independent accounting,water rights conversion and market bidding is put forward.Focusing on the mode of water rights conversion,the mechanism of incremental water rights utilization is initially constructed,including the definition of stakeholders,information management,transaction pricing,transaction coordination and contract management.The water rights trading platform is designed.The definition of the nature of the platform,the source of water rights,the responsibilities of stakeholders,the access requirements and transfer period is also discussed.Incremental water rights use attempts to break through the barriers in the process of utilization and establish a connection between the supply and demand sides,with the goal being market demand-oriented.The allocation of water resources is optimized and conservation and intensive use of regional water resources are promoted through the combination of government administrative regulation and market economic regulation.This process will alleviate the situation of insufficient water utilization from the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in the south of the Yellow River in Dongying City and water shortage constraints in the industrial development in the north of the Yellow River.It is of great significance to promote regional ecological protection and high-quality development.In the process of building a water rights trading platform and promoting the use of water rights trading,relevant work can be promoted through a gradual model.First,it can rely on existing institutions to integrate and gradually improve the water rights transaction management institution.Second,small-scale water rights conversion projects can be selected to carry out typical demonstrations,and the demonstration will be fully promoted when they are mature.Finally,in the actual operation and management process,there are still problems such as the difference between the water quality of the transferred water source and the existing water source,and the cost accounting and apportionment of the transfer process,which need to be further refined and improved in the following work.