古代两河流域国家对海湾政策的演变和调整

Changes in Ancient Mesopotamian States’ Gulf Policy

本文依据古代两河流域楔形文字文献对古代海湾不同区域的记载,结合海湾考古发现,探讨古代两河流域国家与海湾交往的历史、政策变化的表现及原因,指出获取资源是古代两河流域国家与海湾关系最主要的内容。古代两河流域国家通过参与控制海湾贸易活动、军事掠夺和征服、设置统治机构、确立宗主国—附属国关系等不同方式达成获取海湾资源的目的。另外,古代两河流域国家对外战略的变化、古代两河流域的王权观念以及海湾地区自身政治演进的水平也是影响古代两河流域国家对海湾政策的因素。

Digging into various written and archaeological primary sources,the present paper contends that securing resources predominated in the exchange of ancient Mesopotamian states and the Gulf.For Mesopotamia,this goal could be achieved by different means such as trade,military conquest,direct management,and suzerain-vassal covenant.In addition,the present paper discusses the ancient Mesopotamian ideas of monarchy,the political evolution of the Gulf,and how these two elements affected the Gulf policy.