论卢梭消极教育观的新时代教育价值

On the Educational Value of Rousseau’s Negative Educational View in the New Era

卢梭消极教育观以“了解自然人”为主题,教育价值在于“培育自由的人”,而“做人”是教育的根本目的与永恒追求。遵循儿童本性、采行“无为”而教、顺应儿童“天性”是卢梭消极教育观的精髓,具有以儿童为中心、注重实践性、身教重于言教、顺应自然发展、重视自我反省以及强身健体重感觉等特征,而构建顺应自然规律、遵循自然进程、符合自然本性的教育文化是卢梭消极教育观最根本的旨归。家庭教育宜采行父母协同养护、乡村生活熏染、行动自由唤醒、自主表达满足、耐心等待发展等策略,学校教育宜采用快乐促进成长、勇敢无畏促进、感受现状富足、享受天然自由、自由限制适度以及维持理性睡眠等策略,具有较强的实践指导意义和理论应用价值。

Rousseau’s concept of negative education takes understanding natural person as its theme,and its educational value lies in cultivating free people,while being a man is the fundamental purpose and eternal pursuit of education.The essence of Rousseau’s concept of negative education is to follow children’s nature,adopt inaction to teach,and conform to children’s nature,which is child-centered,practical-oriented,example-oriented,and conform to natural development.Family education should adopt strategies such as coordinated maintenance of parents,edification of rural life,awakening of freedom of movement,expressing satisfaction independently,waiting patiently for development,etc.,while school education should adopt strategies such as happiness promoting growth,bravely promoting,feeling rich in present situation,enjoying natural freedom,moderately restricting freedom and maintaining rational sleep,etc.,which have strong practical guiding significance and theoretical application value.