基于软岩爆破电子雷管延时优选与预测振速

Delay Optimization and Vibration Velocity Prediction of Electronic Detonator Based on Soft Rock Blasting

为了有效控制软岩隧道爆破振动并精准预测振动强度,根据现场的实际条件,采用高精准的数码雷管和运用波形叠加干扰原理来开展精准的延时爆破实验,使用线性分析计算出软岩中的k、α值从而预测振动。研究表明:通过实验优化电子雷管延时时间,使爆破地震波之间相互干扰从而减少振动的强度,达到干扰减震的效果;单段电子雷管延时优化后振动峰值最大降低了36.5%(优化后的电子雷管延时为55 ms,普通电子雷管延时为25 ms);以实测振动数据及客观的地质环境为依据,利用萨道夫斯基公式和线性回归分析理论分析了符合现场地质条件的萨道夫斯基振动衰减公式(α=1.8066,k=389.01),为更精准地预测振动提供可靠工具;预测数据与实际数据存在一定的误差,经过分析可知引起误差的原因是存在高差和特殊软岩。

In order to effectively control the soft rock tunnel blasting vibration and accurate prediction of vibration intensity,according to the actual conditions of the site,the high precision digital detonator and the principle of waveform superposition interference are used to carry out accurate delay blasting experiment.The linear analysis is used to calculate the k andαvalues in the soft rock to predict the vibration.Research results show that:The delay time of the electronic detonator is optimized through experiments to make the blasting seismic waves interfere with each other so as to reduce the intensity of vibration and achieve the effect of interference shock absorption.The vibration peak value of the single stage electronic detonator is reduced by 36.5%after the delay optimization.The delay time of the optimized electronic detonator is 55 ms,and the delay time of the ordinary electronic detonator is 25 ms.Based on the measured vibration data and the objective geological environment,the Sadovsky vibration attenuation formula which is in line with the field geological conditions is analyzed by using Sadovsky formula and linear regression analysis theory(α=1.8066,k=389.01),which provide a reliable tool for more accurate vibration prediction.There is a certain error between the predicted data and the actual data.Through analysis,it can be known that the error is caused by the elevation difference and special soft rock.