论侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪的保护法益

On the Legal Interests Protected by the Crime of Infringing on the Reputation and Honor of Heroes and Martyrs

侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪侵害了社会公众的历史记忆、共同情感和民族精神,以及由此组成的社会主义核心价值观,进而损害中国革命和中国共产党的正当性和合法性,打击中华民族的自信心,破坏中华民族作为一个共同体的道德凝聚力。道德的、民事的、行政的手段以及刑法上的一般条款不足以惩罚、预防该种行为,在刑法中设立本罪具有必要性。增设本罪是以刑罚手段制裁、遏制那种以违反规范的方式破坏道德建设的制度安排、损害社会公共利益的行为。只要根据本罪的保护法益准确界定其构成要件,就不会损及学术自由、言论自由和公民的知情权。

The crime of infringing on the reputation and honor of heroes and martyrs harms the public’s historical memory,common feelings,national spirit,and the core socialist values formed thereupon.Furthermore,it damages the justifiability and legitimacy of the Chinese revolution and the Communist Party of China,erodes the self-confidence of Chinese people,and undermines the moral cohesion of the Chinese nation as a community.Moral,civil,administrative means and the general provisions in the criminal law are not sufficient to punish and prevent this kind of behavior.It is therefore necessary to establish this crime in the criminal law.The purpose of adding this crime is to punish and curb behaviors that undermine the institutional arrangements of moral construction and harm the public interests of society in the manner of violating the norms.As long as the constitutive elements of this crime are accurately defined according to the legal interests protected by the corresponding provisions in the criminal law,academic freedom,freedom of speech and citizens’right to know will not be compromised.