论中国现代“文学概论”教材史的“梅光迪开端”

On the History of Introduction to Literature Textbook in Modern China:Beginning from Mei Guangdi

中国现代“文学概论”学科与教材的建构始于晚清政府的大学改革,经历了“文学研究法”这一准学科形态的初步实践后,在新旧文化与新旧知识分子的碰撞中于20世纪20年代伊始奠定了学科基础,其标志性代表与成果是梅光迪1920年夏在南京暑期班所作的“文学概论”课程讲演。该讲演不但在时间上属于中国现代“文学概论”课程与教材探索的一时之先,而且除了个别属于专论的章节设置与带有时代局限的文学立场外,它在论域的选择与结构的安排上都极有法度,体系俨然,堪称一时之范,可视为中国现代“文学概论”课程与教材历史的真正开端的象征性文本。

The construction of disciplines and textbooks of Introduction to Literature in modern China began with the university reforms of the late Qing government.After the preliminary practice of the quasi-disciplinary form of Methods of Literature Study,in the collision between the old and new cultures and intellectuals,a fundamental foundation was made at the beginning of the 1920s.Its symbol and achievement were the lectures on Introduction to Literature given by Mei Guangdi in the summer school of Nanjing in 1920.It is not only the first exploration of Introduction to Literature course and textbook in modern China,but also the example of that time except for a chapter which is a specialized theory and the literary standpoint with the limitations of his times.It is extremely standardized in regard of the choice of the problem field and the structure arrangement,and is a model with a complete system.It can be seen as the symbolic text of the real beginning of the Introduction to Literature course and textbook in modern China.