牙科陶瓷材料的摩擦学性能研究进展

Research progress in tribological property of dental ceramics

陶瓷材料因其优异的耐磨性、化学稳定性、生物相容性和美观性被广泛用于牙齿缺损和缺失修复。本文首先介绍了牙科陶瓷材料的化学成分、微观结构和力学性能,基于陶瓷材料的磨损与磨蚀机制,归纳总结了牙科陶瓷材料摩擦学性能优化方面所取得的进展,指出陶瓷材料和天然人牙摩擦学性能失配严重制约了陶瓷修复体的临床应用,进而从室验介质、对摩副以及载荷、位移和循环次数等方面分析汇总牙科陶瓷材料摩擦学性能的体外测试方法。最后,从仿生摩擦学角度探讨了牙科陶瓷材料的未来发展趋势,并指出研制仿生陶瓷基复合材料是解决陶瓷修复体与天然人牙摩擦学性能失配难题最具潜力的策略。

Ceramics are widely used as dental restorative materials because of their superior wear resistance,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and aesthetic features.In this paper,the chemical compositions,microstructures and mechanical properties of dental ceramics were introduced,based on the wear mechanisms of typical dental ceramics and their abrasiveness with opposing human teeth,the main progress concerning the tribological performance optimization of dental ceramics were summarized,and it was pointed out that the mismatch of tribological properties between ceramics and human teeth seriously restricts the clinical application of dental ceramics.Then the in vitro test methods of tribological properties of dental ceramic materials are analyzed and summarized from the aspects of laboratory test medium,friction pair,load,displacement and cycle times.Finally,the future development trends of dental ceramics were discussed from the perspective of bionic tribology.It was pointed out that bionic design of ceramic matrix composites is a promising strategy for overcoming the mismatch of tribological property between dental ceramic restorations and human teeth.