基于眼动追踪技术的森林公园环境视听交互评价

Audio-visual Interaction Evaluation of Forest Park Environment Based on Eye Movement Tracking Technology

森林是人们逃离城市压力的重要场所,对游憩者身心健康具有重要作用。声景是恢复性景观设计的要素之一,但目前声景的研究较少考虑视听交互作用。以福州国家森林公园为研究对象,以20个森林公园环境视听视频(10个有声视频、10个无声视频)为研究材料,借助眼动仪和声景感知评价问卷探究声景感知对森林公园视觉注意力恢复效益的影响。结果表明:1)除谈话声和儿童嬉戏声较突出的样地(S5)外,视听组合刺激下森林公园环境促进注意力恢复的能力均比单一视觉刺激强;2)单一视觉刺激与视听组合刺激下森林公园环境的视觉行为特征存在差异,与无声场景相比,声景元素的加入能够使被试扩大关注区域,自然声为主导的声景会引导被试关注植被、水体等自然元素,人工声和机械声会引导被试关注人和人工景物;3)鸟鸣声、流水声等自然声对促进注意力恢复有积极影响,而儿童嬉戏声、谈话声和脚步声等人工声则会产生消极影响。

The forest is a refuge for people to escape from the pressure of city,and it plays an important role in the physical and mental health of recreationists.Though soundscape is one of the important elements of restorative landscape design,the audio-visual interaction is seldom considered in the current study of it.Taking Fuzhou National Forest Park as the research object,this study took 20 forest park environmental audio-visual videos(10 audio videos and 10 silent videos)as research materials.With the help of eye tracker and soundscape perception evaluation questionnaire,this paper explored the impact of soundscape perception on the visual attention efficiency of forest park.The results showed that:1)Except for the site(S5)where the sound of talking and children’s frolics are more prominent,the combined audio-visual stimuli is more capable of promoting attention recovery than the single visual stimuli.2)The visual behavior characteristics of forest park environment under the single visual stimuli and the combined audiovisual stimuli are different.Compared with silent scenes,the addition of soundscape elements enables participants to expand the area of concern.The soundscape dominated by natural sound would lead participants to pay attention to natural elements such as vegetation and water bodies,while artificial sound and mechanical sound would guide their attention to people and artificial scenes.3)Natural sounds such as birdsong and running water have positive effects on promoting attention recovery,while artificial sounds such as children’s playing,talking,and footsteps have the opposite effect.