远借造景在城市山林景观中的应用研究——以杭州玉皇山为例

The Application of"Borrowed Scenery Far Away"in Urban Hillwood——A Case Study of Yuhuang Mount

"借景"是中国传统园林的重要理景手法,其在景物选择、景观营造、意境烘托等方面均受中国传统美学价值观的浸染。"远"本义为一种空间距离,受道家无为思想等影响,逐步演变为一种审美意境。伴随着中国古典美学发展与古代山水审美活动的兴起,远借造景成为景观与"远"结合的产物。通过总结远借的美学思想和造景手法,分析远借造景与山林景观营造的天然耦合性,概括其在城市山林景观设计中的延续与发展方式。以杭州玉皇山为例,分析其远借空间结构的特质与现状矛盾,运用"梳、移、补、添"的景观生态设计途径优化其远借透景线,并总结玉皇山远借造景理法:山水为先、内因外借、激发审美联想。以期为西湖山水保护利用提供借鉴,为现代城市山林景观设计提供参考。

"Borrowing scenery"is an important technique of landscape management in Chinese traditional gardens.Its selection of scenery,construction of landscape and setting off of artistic conception are all influenced by Chinese traditional aesthetic values."Yuan",its original meaning is a concept of space distance,and influenced by Taoist inaction thought,it gradually evolved into an aesthetic inscape.With the development of Chinese classical aesthetics and the rise of ancient landscape aesthetic activities,"the borrowed scenery far away"has become the product of the combination of landscape and"Yuan".By the analysis of the aesthetic thoughts and landscape design techniques of"the borrowed scenery far away",it analyzed the internal relationship between"the borrowed scenery far away"and mountain landscape construction,and pointed out its continuation and development in urban mountain landscape design.Taking Yuhuang Mount as an example,the paper analyzed the spatial structure and current contraction of it,optimized the scenery lines with the landscape ecological design approach of"carding,removing,replanting and adding",in order to provide reference for the protection of the West Lake landscape and for the design of modern urban mountain landscape.It displays the connotations of"the borrowed scenery far away":nature comes first,borrows internal an a external causes,and stimulates aesthetic association.