康熙时期畅春园范围界定及平面布局研究

Analysis of the Scope of Changchun Garden and of Its Plane Layout in Kangxi Period

畅春园始建于康熙朝,是当时除紫禁城外的第二政治中心。康熙朝后,畅春园开始衰败,园区范围逐渐变小。由于对康熙朝满文资料的忽略、研究方法的缺失,导致目前对畅春园范围认知不够全面。为确定畅春园最鼎盛时的园区范围与布局,首先根据畅春园营造记录、修缮记录、管理记录、阅射记录,判断出康熙时期畅春园包括畅春园(主园)、西花园、圣化寺、西厂(包括阅武楼)及御稻田五部分。在此基础上,对各组成部分的范围进行描绘,并尝试分析畅春园的平面布局,继而总结康熙时期畅春园的造园特点。以期为清代皇家园林的研究提供一种新思路。

Changchun Garden, which had experienced many projects of various sizes, was the second political center of Kangxi Dynasty(1662-1722) in addition to the Forbidden City.After Kangxi Period, Changchun Garden became gradually decaying and smaller than before. Due to the neglect of the Kangxi Manchu literature and the lack of research methods, the current understanding of the scope of Changchun Garden is limited. In order to define the scope of Changchun Garden in its heyday,defining and analyzing the construction records, repair records,management records, military records about Changchun Garden is necessary. It is concluded that during Kangxi Period, Changchun Garden consisted of five parts: Changchun Garden(main garden),West Garden, Shenghua Temple, Xichang(including Yuewu Tower)and Royal Rice Fields, which were connected by river system and lands. On this basis, the paper tries to analyze the scope of each component and the layout of Changchun Garden. Then it sums up the characteristics of Changchun Garden in Kangxi Period.