外墙外保温层脱落和火灾原因剖析与防治对策

Cause Analysis and Corresponding Countermeasure of Coating Fallings and Fire Disasters of External Wall Thermal Insulation System

随着建筑节能要求的不断提高,外墙外保温系统在工程中应用越来越广泛,外墙外保温已成为我国节能墙体保温的主要形式,但外墙外保温层整体剥落和易发生火灾已成为工程界的痛点。本文系统分析了目前工程实践中存在的外墙外保温构造做法,剖析了存在的问题和主要原因,提出了相应的防治对策。研究表明:选择合适的材料、加强构造设计与结构计算、提高施工质量、加强施工管理和提高从业人员素质是防止外保温系统整体剥落行之有效的综合措施;选择防火性能较好的保温材料,同时采用封闭空腔、防火隔断和防火保护面层的构造做法是目前符合我国国情的行之有效的防火措施。

As the requirement of building energy efficiency gets higher and higher instantly, the application of the external wall thermal insulation becomes more and more extensive. This system has become the main form of energy-saving walls in China nowadays. However, the spalling of the whole external wall panel and the high risk of fires have become the pain points in the engineering circle. We summarized several constructions of the external thermal insulation system, analyzed current problems and main causes, also put forward the corresponding countermeasures. The study shows that there are some measures for preventing the external wall panel from spalling, such as choosing the appropriate materials, strengthening the constitution, refining relevant calculations, enhancing the quality of construction, improving the quality of employees and formulating management policies towards them. There are efficient methods that can prevent the external thermal insulation from fire disasters, such as choosing fire insulation material, adopting a non-cavity constitution, setting fire barriers and protection layers.