作为道德教育核心的价值问题——关于道德发展理论与价值澄清理论的一种比较

Problem of Value Becoming the Core of Moral Education——A Comparison between Moral Development Theory and Value Clarification Theory

价值澄清理论学派与道德发展理论学派都认为道德教育的关键问题在于价值问题和价值观教育。在价值追求多元化的历史条件下,价值澄清理论认为道德教育的关键在于克服价值混乱问题,道德发展理论认为关键在于面对价值观相对性问题。它们所优先选择的最高价值不同,道德发展理论选择的是公正,价值澄清理论选择的是自由。在方法论上,两派认为要完成克服价值混乱和价值观相对性的任务,传统的价值灌输方式无效,需要采取将价值选择开放给学生的教育方式;价值澄清理论采取了价值澄清的方式,道德发展理论采取了促进道德和价值判断成熟度的方式。两派理论都需要克服由确立最高价值原则而带来的形式主义陷阱,反对纯粹的价值中立。

Both value clarification theory school and moral development theory school believe that the key problem of moral education lies in value problem and value education.Under the historical condition of value pursuit diversification,the value clarification theory believes that the key of moral education is to overcome the problem of value confusion,and the moral development theory believes that it is to face the problem of the relativity of values.The highest value they give priority to is different.The moral development theory chooses justice,and the value clarification theory chooses freedom.In terms of methodology,the two schools believe that in order to complete the task of overcoming the confusion of values and the relativity of values,the traditional way of value indoctrination is invalid,and it is necessary to open the choice of values to students;the solution of value clarification theory is value clarification,and the solution of moral development theory is to promote the maturity of morality and value judgment.Both theories need to overcome the formalism trap brought by the establishment of the principle of the highest value and oppose pure value neutrality.