基于引力模型的广度优先路径搜索算法在全球价值链位置测度中的应用

Application of Gravity-Law-Based Breadth-First-Search in Measuring the Position on the Global Value Chain

本文基于亚洲开发银行发布的国家间投入产出数据构建了全球产业价值链网络模型,从经济物理学视角对比了2000年和2019年世界各国产业部门与其上下游产业部门间的紧密程度,考察了产业部门在全球价值链上所处的相对位置。研究表明:(1)全球价值链网络发展整体呈异质性,但后向或前向产业关联中具有竞争优势可促进产业部门在另一侧的竞争优势提升;(2)2000~2019年,各国产业部门的后向和前向紧密度总体呈增长态势,但中国和美国在连接全球价值链中上游供给侧和下游需求侧的作用最为显著;(3)低技术含量、中高技术含量与公共和福利服务产业相对更加贴近上游供给侧,而基础类产业和商业服务类产业相对更加贴近下游需求侧。

Based on the inter-country input-output table from World Input-Output Database,this paper measures the inter⁃dependence from a given sector to all of its upstream or downstream sectors from 2000 to 2014,and investigates the relative position of industrial sectors in the global value chain from the perspective of econophysics.The research shows that:first,the development of global value chain network is heterogeneous,but the competitive advantage in the backward or forward closeness can promote the competitive advantage of the industrial sector on the other side.Second,from 2000 to 2019,the backward and forward closeness of industrial sectors in various countries generally increased,but China and the United States play the most significant role in connect⁃ing the upstream supply side and downstream demand side of GVC.Third,low tech,high and medium tech,and public and wel⁃fare services are closer to the upstream supply side of global value chain,while primary and business services are closer to the downstream demand side.