德国教育体系的渗透性:促进职业教育与学术教育相互融通

Permeability of German Education System:Promoting the Integration of Vocational Education and Academic Education

德国传统的职业教育与学术教育是两个相对独立和分隔的教育领域,两者在渗透性教育体系建设背景下逐渐走向沟通、融合和一体化设计的融通状态。由整个融通历程来看,教育领域之间的渗透性蕴含着许多创新的可能性,创建出更多汲取原先教育领域优势的教育形式,形成新的教育秩序。两者融通的实现离不开相应策略的设计,如建设支撑终身学习的制度基础、开发统一的能力描述语言、设计跨教育领域合作机制、提供系统完备的职业指导及持续消除政策与经济障碍等。职业教育与学术教育均不可或缺,通过增强两者的渗透性来应对个人和社会对教育体系的期许与不断变化的需求,才能使教育体系更具有竞争优势,解决教育体系供给与学习者、劳动世界需求之间的不匹配问题。

The German education system is characterized by a traditionally strong institutional divide between the vocational education and academic education.Under the background of the construction of a permeable education system,the relationship between the two education sectors gradually moves from division towards communication,integration and system design.Reviewing the whole integration process,the permeability in education sectors contains many possibilities of innovation,which can create educational formats benefitting from the advantages of the former separate education sectors and form a new educational order.The realization of the permeability cannot be achieved without the strategy design,which includes the establishment of institutional foundation for the lifelong learning,the development of a unified capability description language,the design of cross-education cooperation,the provision of systematic career guidance,and the overcoming of policy and economic barriers.Whether vocational education or academic education is indispensable part of the education system.By enhancing the permeability to meet the expectations of individuals and society for education and the changing needs,the education system can have more competitive advantages and solve the matching problem between supply in the education system and demand for learning and working.