药用真菌香樟范氏孔菌的驯化栽培及生物学发育特征

Cultivation and biological characteristics of medical fungus Vanderbylia cinnamomea

本研究旨在实现香樟范氏孔菌Vanderbylia cinnamomea的袋料栽培驯化及筛选其最佳培养配方,揭示子实体不同生长阶段生物学发育特征。选取工业大麻秸秆、天麻废材、杨木、栎木为培养料,共设置8种配方开展试验,期间观察不同时期子实体生长发育特征。香樟范氏孔菌驯化试验结果表明:工业大麻秆和天麻废材无法实现香樟范氏孔菌的袋料栽培,而工业大麻秆配方可产大量菌丝但不产生子实体,其菌丝在基质上开始生长时间短、生长速度快;以杨木、栎木为栽培基质可产生子实体,实现该药用真菌的栽培驯化;结实配方为栎木屑70%、玉米芯20%、辅料10%,温度25℃左右,菌丝满袋后全开口开袋,湿度为90%–95%,早晚通风一次,补充散射光,该条件下成功驯化最大体积子实体。子实体不同生长阶段的生物学生长发育特征揭示,子实体原基呈白色凸起状,继而呈球状,后体积渐膨大,渐生成菌孔,其颜色由白变浅黄至褐色,32 d后停止生长,子实体发育成熟。

This study focuses on cultivation and domestication of Vanderbylia cinnamomea,screening the optimal culture formula and revealing the biological development characteristics of different growing stage of fruiting bodies of this fungus.Eight formulations were designed,using industrial hemp wastes,Gastrodia elata trash,sawdust of poplar and oak as culture substrate.The results showed that the industrial hemp wastes and G.elata trash were unable to cultivate V.cinnamomea;industrial hemp waste formula could produce luxuriant generative hyphae without formation of basidiomata,and the propagation of mycelia was fast;V.cinnamomea successfully fructified on poplar and oak sawdust substrate,and the substrate formulation was 70%oak sawdust,20%corn cob,and 10%auxiliary materials;the optimal growth temperature was about 25℃,and the humidity 90%–95%;it was needed to ventilate culture sack once in the morning and evening and to supplement the scattered light irradiation.The primordia formed in small white projection,and then formed a larger lump,then the fruiting body gradually formed;the fruiting body changed from white to light yellow finally to brown,and stopped growing and became mature in 32 days.