前置护体式安全座椅布置参数优化研究

Research on Optimization of Model Parameter Configurations of Impact-Shield Restraint Systems

建立了Q系列3岁假人的正面碰撞仿真模型,以前置护体安装高度位置(相对于假人H点位置)、前置护体自身高度、前置护体加强肋板刚度以及泡沫材料刚度4个因素为研究对象,运用正交试验设计和方差分析筛选优化参数,并采用基于遗传算法的多目标优化方法进行求解。经过优化求解得知,当前置护体安装高度位置为0 mm(相对于假人H点位置),前置护体自身高度为190 mm时,对儿童乘员的保护效果最佳。此时最大腹部压力较初始值降低了16.3%,胸部3 ms加速度较初始值降低了9.1%。综合分析可知,在正面碰撞中减小儿童腹部与胸部损伤的关键之处在于,前置护体需约束在儿童乘员的盆骨部位,避免在碰撞过程中儿童出现"下潜"现象;通过将约束部位扩散到儿童胸部的方式可以有效分散碰撞冲击载荷,从而减小儿童乘员的腹部和胸部损伤。

A frontal collision simulation model was established for the Q3 representing the 3-year-old child dummy.The following parameters were studied:the installation height of the impact-shield(relative to the Hpoint of the dummy),the shield height,the stiffness of the reinforced ribs and the stiffness of the foam.The Orthogonal experimental design and analysis of variance were used to select the optimal parameters and the genetic algorithm was applied to solve the multi-objective optimization problem.The results show when the shield installation height is 0 mm relative to the dummy H-point and the shield height is 190 mm,the best protection effect can be reached for the impact-shield restraint system.After optimization,the maximum abdominal pressure of the dummy decreased by 16.3% and the chest acceleration(3 ms) decreased by 9.1%.Based on the comprehensive analysis,the most effective methods to reduce the chest and abdominal injuries of children in frontal collisions are listed as follows:The pelvic part of child occupants needs to be restrained by the impact-shield to avoid the phenomenon of“diving”during the collision;By increasing the restrained region over the chest of the body,the collision impact load can be effectively dispersed to reduce the chest and abdominal injuries to the child occupants.