化学法鉴别有机化合物

Identification of Organic Compounds by Chemical Method

利用有机化合物的特征反应将有机化合物定性鉴别,是有机化学研究的一个领域。本文总结了烷烃、环烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌、羧酸、羧酸衍生物(酰卤、酸酐、酯和酰胺)、硝基化合物、胺、杂环化合物、单糖和α-氨基酸共22类有机化合物的鉴别方法和16个鉴别举例。

Using the characterized reactions of organic compounds to qualitatively identify organic compounds is an area of organic chemistry research. The identification methods for twenty-two types of organic compounds were summarized. Twenty-two organic compounds were alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alkyl halides, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, quinones, carboxylic acids, derivatives of carboxylic acid(acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides), nitro compounds, amines, heterocyclic compounds, monosaccharides and α-amino acids. Sixteen examples of identification were given.