人与自然生命共同体的哲学基础

On Philosophical Foundation of Human and Natural Life Community

生态文明指向一种社会文明新形态,其核心就是人与自然和谐共生的生命共同体。无论是在中国传统哲学中,还是在西方哲学和马克思主义哲学中,都含有关于"生命共同体"的哲学思想。只有挖掘这些优秀的理论资源,才能准确把握人与自然的共生关系,并为生命共同体的建构提供哲学的"顶层设计"。中国传统道家哲学视天人为一体,主张人与自然界遵循着共同的生命原则;西方近代德国古典哲学中,谢林和黑格尔都强调人与自然遵循着同一个绝对理念,自然界与人类社会不过是同一理念实现自身的不同样态;马克思则在实践基础上把人与自然统一起来,认为人对自然的改造就是人本质对象化的过程,人与自然在对象性的关系中完成了本质的相互转换和确证。人身上有自然界的本质,自然界中也有人的本质,两种本质实则为同一种本质。人类历史的任务就是把这种本质充分实现。但资本主义社会使这种本质产生异化,共产主义社会是人与自然界完成了的本质的统一。

Ecological civilization points to a new form of social civilization, Its core is a community of life in which man and nature coexist in harmony. No matter in Chinese traditional philosophy or in western philosophy and Marxist philosophy, there are philosophical thoughts about“life community”. Only by excavating these excellent theoretical resources can we accurately grasp the symbiotic relationship between man and nature, and provide the“top-level design”of philosophy for the construction of life community. Chinese traditional Taoist philosophy regards nature and man as one, and maintains that man and nature follow the same principle of life. In the western modern German classical philosophy, Schilling and Hegel both emphasize that man and nature follow the same absolute idea, and nature and human society are just different states of the same idea realizing itself. Marx unified man and nature on the basis of practice. The transformation of man to nature is the process of the object of man’s essence. In the object relationship between man and nature, the mutual transformation and confirmation of nature are completed. There is in man the essence of nature, and in nature there is also the essence of man, but the two kinds of essence are in fact the same essence. The task of human history is to bring this essence to full realization.But the capitalist society makes this kind of essence produce dissimilation, the communist society is man and the nature completed the essence of unity.