PD-1抑制剂单抗治疗鼻咽癌的临床试验研究进展

Progress in clinical trials of PD-1 inhibitor monoclonal antibody for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

鼻咽癌是一种EB病毒(EBV)感染率高的头颈部恶性肿瘤,程序性死亡蛋白-1及其配体(PD-1/PD-L1)通路的激活可能是EBV相关鼻咽癌免疫逃逸的机制之一。与化疗相比,免疫检查点抑制剂有不良反应小、生存获益更长和耐受性更好等优势,但存在仅有少部分患者能受益的缺点。目前,至少有4种针对该通路的PD-1抑制剂单抗已经在临床试验中取得了较好的效果,并且获批用于治疗复发或转移性鼻咽癌。就近年来已完成和正在进行的鼻咽癌PD-1抑制剂的治疗策略、疗效评价和安全性的研究进行综述。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a head and neck malignant tumor with high infection rate of EBV.The activation of programmed death protein-1 and its ligand(PD-1/PD-L1)pathway may be one of the mechanisms of immune escape from EBV-associated NPC.Compared with chemotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors have less adverse reactions.Survival benefit is longer and the advantages of the tolerance is better,but there is only a small number of patients will benefit from faults.At present,at least four kinds of inhibitors targeting the pathway of PD-1 single resistance in clinical trials have achieved good results,and it has been approved for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Recent completed and ongoing studies on the PD-1 inhibitor treatment strategy for NPC,the efficacy evaluation and safety studies were reviewed.