从印证到佐证:性侵案件证明的困境与出路

From Verification to Corroboration: The Dilemma and Solution of Proof in Sexual Assault Cases

当前我国性侵案件补强证据范围仅限于与待证犯罪核心事实(犯罪行为、被告人)相互印证的"印证证据",排除旨在提高证言可信度而不直接作用于案件事实的佐证补强证据的适用。印证补强在减少"孤证定案"风险方面发挥重要作用,但同时也造成司法失灵的困境。基于性侵案件天然"证据不足"的特点,引入佐证补强有助于解决印证补强下司法僵化的难题。域外相关司法经验进一步证实了性侵案件引入佐证补强的必要性与可行性。在当前"庭审实质化"以及"人民陪审员"改革的司法背景下,我国探索构建性侵案件佐证补强证明方法具有可行性及重要现实意义。

At present, the scope of corroborating evidence in sexual assault cases in China is limited to the“confirmed evidence”that mutually confirms the core facts of the crime(criminal behavior, defendant),excluding the application of supporting evidence that aims to increase the credibility of testimony but does not directly affect the facts of the case.Verification,which is a commonly used criminal proof mode, plays an important role in reducing the risk of“solitary evidence”, but it also causes the dilemma of judicial failure.Based on the natural“insufficient evidence”characteristics of sexual assault cases, the introduction of supporting evidence is helpful to solve the problem of judicial rigidity caused by the only use of confirmed evidence.The relevant foreign judicial experience has further confirmed the necessity and feasibility of introducing supporting evidence in sexual assault cases.Combining the current“trial substantiation”and“people’s jurors”reform,it is feasible and of great practical significance to explore the method of using supporting evidence in sexual assault cases in China.